ἄγαλμα

Aleximachus’ pompe in Aigiale

TITLE
Aleximachus’ pompe in Aigiale

DATE
Late 2nd century BCE – 1st century BCE

TEXT
The Packard Humanities Institute (IG XII, 7, 515).

[1] [ἄρχοντος ․․․․․․]ν ․․․․ε․․․․․ μηνὸς Ἀπατουριῶνος Ἀρχιτέλη[ς]
[2] [Παρμενίωνος, Κρ]ατησίλοχος [Ἡγ]ίου, Λεοντεὺς Ἡγίου αἱρεθέντες
[3] [ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου κ]ατὰ ψήφισμα, ὥστε νόμον εἰσενεγκεῖν καθὰ ἐπ[ι]-
[4] [τελεσθήσετα]ι ὅ τε ἐγδανεισμὸς τοῦ ἀργυρίου οὗ ἐπιδέδωκεν Κριτόλαο[ς]
[5] [Ἀλκιμέδοντος] καὶ ἡ δημοθοινία καὶ ὁ ἀγών, καὶ τἄλλα δὲ πάντα ἐ̣π̣ιτ̣ε̣-
[6] [λέσαι, γεγ]ράφασι τὸν ἀφηροϊσμὸν τὸν Ἀλεξιμάχου τοῦ Κριτολάου,
[7] [καθὼς καὶ] ὅ τε δῆμος ἐψήφισται καὶ Κριτόλαος ἐπιδέδωκεν εἰς ταῦτα̣
[8] [δραχμ]ὰς δισχιλίας κατ̣ὰ τάδε· {²A}² {εἴς τε τὸ μὲν} τὸ μὲν ἀργύριον ἐγδα]-
[9] [νείζεσθ]αι ἐν τῷ Ἀπατουριῶνι μηνὶ τόν τε ἄρχοντα καὶ τοὺς πρυτάνει[ς]
[10] [καὶ] μ̣ισθωτὰς καὶ Κριτόλαον Ἀλκιμέδοντος, ἐγδανείζεσθαι δὲ αὐτ[ὸ]
[11] [ἀπὸ δε]κάτου, τοὺς δὲ δανεισομένους διδόναι ὑποθήκην χωρία
[12] [πλείο]νος ἄξια δραχμῶν δισχιλίων ἀνεπιδάνειστα ἰδιωτικοῦ δα-
[13] [νείου, καὶ λ]αμβάνειν ἐπὶ τ[ῇ] προδεδηλωμένῃ ὑποθήκῃ μὴ πλεῖον δρα-
[14] [χμῶν διακ]οσίων, ὑπογραψ[άτ]ω δὲ ὁ γραμματεὺς εἰς τὰ δημόσια γράμμα̣-
[15] [τα τὸν δεδ]ανεισμένον ἕκαστον πατρόθεν καὶ τοῦ δήμου καὶ τὸ πλῆθος
[16] [τοῦ ἀργυ]ρίου, οὗ ἂν ᾖ δεδανεισμένος, καὶ τὴν ὑποθήκην, ἣν ἂν δῶι, ῥητῶς,
[17] [τούς τ]ε̣ γείτονας παρα[γρ]άφειν κύκλωι· τὸν δὲ τόκον οἱ δεδανεισμένοι
[18] [τὸ ἀργ]ύριον ἀποδιδότωσ[α]ν δέκατον, καταβάλλοντες ἀεὶ ἐν μηνὶ Ἀπα-
[19] [τουρ]ιῶνι ἐν τεῖ βουλεῖ, κα[θ]άπερ καὶ τὰ ἱερὰ χρήματα· τὸ δὲ ἀρχαῖον ἐνο-
[20] [φει]λέσθω παρὰ τοῖς δανεισαμένοις ἐπὶ ταῖς ὑποθήκαις ἐφ’ αἷς ἐδα̣-
[21] [νε]ίσατο ἕκαστος, καθάπερ καὶ τὰ φυλετικά, εἰς τὸν ἀεὶ χρόνον, καὶ μὴ ἔ-
[22] [στω] αὐτοῦ πρᾶξις· μὴ ἐξέστω δὲ τοῖς ὀφείλουσιν τοῦτο τὸ ἀργύ-
[23] [ριο]ν καταβαλεῖν τὸ ἀρχαῖον κατὰ μηθένα τρόπον, ἀλλ’ ἐνοφειλέσθω ἐν
[24] τ̣αῖς ὑπο[θ]ήκαις ἐπὶ αἷς ἂν δανείσωνται εἰς τὸν ἀεὶ χρόνον· ἐὰν δέ τις κα-
[25] ταβάλη̣ παρευρέσει ᾗτινιοῦν εἲ ἄρχ[ο]ντες αὐτῷ προσδέξωνται τὴν
[26] καταβολήν, μὴ ἔστω αὐτῷ καταβεβλημένον, ἀλλ’ ἐνοφειλέσθω ἐν ταῖς
[27] [αὐ]ταῖς ὑποθήκαις, καὶ μηθὲν ἧσσον ἔστω πρακτὸς κατὰ ταὐτά· [καὶ ἐὰν]
[28] οἱ νέοι ἄρχοντες προσδέξωνται τὴν καταβολήν, ὀφειλέτωσαν δρα-
[29] χμὰς χιλίας τῷ δημοσίωι, καὶ ἡ καταβολὴ ἄ[κυρος] ἔστω· ἐ[ὰ]ν δέ τις τῶν
[30] [δ]εδανεισμένων μὴ ἀποδῶι τὸν τόκον ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ Ἀπατουριῶνι ἐν τεῖ
[31] [β]ουλεῖ, ἡ βουλὴ καὶ οἱ λογισταὶ καὶ ὁ ἄρχων παρα[χρῆ]μ̣α̣ πρα̣σ̣σέτωσαν, κα-
[32] [θά]περ καὶ τὰ ἱερὰ χρήματα, πρὸς τὸ ἡμιόλιον· ὁ δὲ μισθωσάμενος προκατ[α]-
[33] [βαλ]λέτω τὸ μίσθωμα {σαν} ἐν τεῖ βουλεῖ· ἐὰν δέ τι ὑπερέχῃ μισθούμενα τὰ
[34] [χ]ωρία, ἀποδιδότωσαν τῷ κυρίωι τῆς ὑποθήκης παραχρῆμα ἐν τεῖ βουλεῖ
[35] τὸ ὑπερεχὲς τοῦ τε τόκου καὶ τοῦ ἡμιολίου, ὁ δὲ γραμματεὺς ὑπογραφέ-
[36] [τ]ω τήν τε μεμισθ[ω]μένην ὑποθήκην καὶ τ[ὸ]ν μ[ισθωσά]μενον καὶ πόσου ἐμισθ[ώ]-
[37] [σ]ατο καὶ ὅ,τι προκαταβέβληκεν· ἐὰν δέ τις μισ̣[θωσά]μενο̣ς̣ μὴ προκαταβάλ[ῃ]
[38] [παραχρ]ῆμα ἐν τῇ βουλῇ, ἐνγραφέτω αὐτὸν ὡ̣[ς] ἐ̣π̣ο̣φ̣ε̣ίλοντα δρα-
[39] χμὰς διακοσίας τῷ δημοσίωι. {²B}² ὅπως δὲ [κ]αὶ ἡ [δημοθ]οινία ἐπιτελε-
[40] [σ]θεῖ τὸν {ἐν} ἐνιαυτὸν τὸν μετὰ ἄρχοντ̣α ․․․․η̣ν̣ τ̣ὸ̣ν̣ Ἀ̣ρ̣ί̣σ̣τ̣ωνος, το̣[ὺς]
[41] [π]ρυτανεύοντας τὸμ̣ μῆνα τὸν Ἀπατουρ̣ι̣ῶ̣[να ἑλέ]σ[θαι] ἐπιμελητὰς δύο ἐξ ἁ-
[42] [π]άντων [Α]ἰγιαλέων μ̣ὴ̣ νε̣ω̣τέρ̣ους ἐ̣τῶν τ̣ρ̣ι̣[άκο]ν̣τα· οἱ δὲ αἱρεθέντες λα-
[43] [βό]ντες τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ πῖπτο̣ν̣ παρα̣[χρ]ῆ̣μ̣α ἐμ μηνὶ Ἀπατουριῶνι ὠ-
[44] [ν]ησάσθωσαν βοῦν ἄρσενα μὴ νεώτερον ἐτῶν δύο καὶ θυσάτωσαν ἐν
[45] τεῖ Καλλιστράτου αρ̣τ̣(?)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ ο̣ἰ̣[κ]ίαι, πομπευέτω-
[46] σαν δὲ τὸν βοῦν ἐκ τοῦ πρυτανείου [οἱ] π̣ρ̣υ̣τ[άνει]ς̣ καὶ [ὁ] γυμνασίαρχος
[47] [κ]αὶ οἱ ἔφηβοι, ἀκολουθείτωσαν δὲ καὶ οἱ νεώτεροι πάντες· εἰ δὲ μή, τοὺς
[48] μὴ ἀκολουθοῦντας ἐπαναγκ[α]ζέτω [ὁ] γυμ[να]σίαρχος τρόπωι ὅτωι
[49] ἂν δύνη̣[τ]αι· ὅταν δὲ [π]ο[ίη]σωσιν τὸ [δεῖπν]ον, ἐπ[εν]έγκαντες κρέα ὁλο-
[50] μελῆ ἑστιασ<ά>τωσαν καὶ ἐπιμη[νι]ε̣υ̣σ̣[άτωσα]ν [ο]ἱ ἐπιμεληταὶ ἐπὶ τὸ δεῖ-
[51] [πνον]· ἐὰν δὲ ἄλλο αὐτοῖς φαίνηται, π̣ρ̣ο̣στ[ι]θέτ̣[ω]σ̣α̣ν πρὸς τὸ ἐνὸν ἀρ[γύ]-
[52] [ρ]ιον καὶ εἰς τὴν δημοθοινίαν ἐπιμηνιεύοντες μετὰ τοῦ γυμνασι-
[53] [ά]ρχου, τὸ δὲ ἐπιμηνιευθὲν τοῦ ἀρ[γυρίου φέρον]τες ἐπὶ τὸ δεῖπνον
[54] ποιείτωσαν οἱ ἐπιμεληταὶ πάν̣[τας τοὺς κλι]σ̣μ̣οὺς(?) κατὰ τρίκλι-
[55] [νο]ν καὶ τὸ δεῖπνον ἀποδιδότωσαν [το]ῖς̣ τε πολίταις πᾶσιν τοῖς παρα-
[56] [γε]νομένοις εἰς τὴν Αἰγιά[λη]ν [καὶ παροίκοις κα]ὶ ξένοις <καὶ> τοῖς παρα-
[57] [γε]νομένοις Ῥωμαίων αὐτῶ̣ν καὶ τῶν γ̣υ[ναικῶν(?)], κ̣α[ὶ κρ]έ̣α(?) χωρὶς πᾶ-
[58] [σι]ν ․․․․․, καὶ παρεχέτωσαν ἡδὺ̣ μελίκρα̣τον καὶ τὴν διακονίαν πᾶσαν <τοῦ>
[59] [δεί]πνου, παρέχοντες ξύλα καὶ ὕδωρ̣ καὶ ἀλείμματα· ἡ δὲ δημοθοινία
[60] [γε]νέσθω ἐν τῷ γυμνασίωι ἐπάναγκ̣ες· παραθέτωσαν δὲ οἱ ἐπιμε-
[61] [λητ]αὶ πάντως δεῖπνον ἀδάπανον τοῖς ἐν τῷ τρικλείνωι καὶ ἄνθη· παρατιθέ-
[62] τωσαν <δὲ> τἄλλα μὲν θυθέντα, [τ]ὰ <δὲ> δέρματα ἀποδόμενοι παραχρῆμα κατα-
[63] ναλισκέτωσαν παραχρῆμα καὶ ταῦτα ἐν τόπῳ· διδότωσαν δὲ
[64] [οἱ] ἐπιμεληταὶ τῶν ἐφήβων ἑκάστῳ αὐ̣[τ]ῶν ὑὸς κ[ρε]ῶν μνᾶν· τὰ δ[ὲ]
[65] [παρ]ατιθέμενα ἅπαντα ἔστω ἀποφορητὰ [ἀπὸ] τ[ο]ῦ τρικλίνου· ὑπο-
[66] [τι]θέσθωσαν δὲ οἱ ἐπιμεληταὶ ἀπὸ [το]ῦ [ἀργ]υρίου εἰς τὴν ἐχομένη[ν]
[67] [ἡμ]έραν τιμὴν οἴνου μετρητῶν ἐννέα, καὶ πα[ρατιθ]έ̣τωσαν τήν τε διακον[ί]-
[68] [αν] πᾶσαν κατὰ ταὐτὰ τῇ ἐχομένῃ ἡμέραι καὶ [τ]ὸν οἶνον· παρεχέτωσαν
[69] δὲ̣ οἱ ἐπιμελητ̣[α]ὶ καὶ τραγήματα ἀμφοτέρας τὰς ἡμέρας καὶ τὴν δ[η]-
[70] μ̣οθοινίαν συντελείτωσαν ἐν τῷ γυμνασίωι, σιτομετρείτωσαν δ[ὲ]
[71] [οἱ] ἐπιμεληταὶ ὠνησάμενοι σῖτον πύρινον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀργυρίου, διδόν-
[72] [τ]ε̣ς τῇ προτεραίᾳ τοῖς τε πολίταις τοῖς ἐπιδημοῦσιν καὶ παροίκοις
[73] [κ]αὶ ξένοις τοῖς παρεπιδημοῦσιν τῶν μὲν ἀνδρῶν ἑκάστῳ χοίνικα,
[74] [τ]ῶν δὲ παίδων ἥμισυ χοίνικος. {²C}² ὅπως δὲ καὶ ὁ ἀγὼν γίνηται, οἱ ἐπιμελη-
[75] [τ]αὶ τῇ νουμηνίαι σφαξάτ̣ωσαν ἅμα τῇ ἡμέραι κριὸν ὡς βέλτιστον πρὸς
[76] [τ]ῷ ἀγάλματι ὧι ἂν στήσῃ Κριτόλαος τοῦ υἱοῦ Ἀλεξιμάχου καὶ πα̣[ρα]-
[77] [θέ]τωσαν παράθεσιν ἐκ πυρῶν ἡμιέκτων τεσάρων καὶ τοῦ κριοῦ τὰ κρέα
[78] [ὁλο]μελῆ ἀποζέσαντες παρατιθέτωσαν τῷ ἀγάλματι κ̣αὶ τὴν παράθεσιν·
[79] [τῇ] δὲ δευτέραι συντελείτωσαν τὸν ἀγῶν<α> μετὰ τοῦ γυμνασιάρχου
[80] καταναλίσκοντες εἰς τὰ ἔπαθλα τόν τε κριὸν ὅλον καὶ τῆς παραθέ-
[81] σ̣εως̣ τὰ ἡμίση, τὰ δὲ ἡμίση ἔστω <τῶν> πρυτάνεων καὶ τῶν ἐπιμελητῶν· τιθέ-
[82] τωσαν δὲ τὰ ἆθλα πάντα τιθέντες παίδων καὶ ἀνδρῶν κατὰ τὸν γημνασι-
[83] [αρ]χι[κ]ὸν νόμον· πανκράτιον δὲ μὴ τιθέτωσαν, ἀλλ’ ἀνακηρυσσέσθω νικῶν
[84] [Ἀ]λεξίμαχος Κριτολάου]. ὅπως δὲ καὶ λαμπὰς γίνηται παίδων καὶ ἀνδρῶν,
[85] [ἐπι]μελείσθω ὁ γυμνασιάρχος τάσσων, ὡς ἂν αὐτῷ φαίνηται, καὶ ἐπανα[γ]-
[86] κάζων τρέχειν τοὺς νεωτέρους τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων ἐτῶν πάντας.
[87] {²D}² πρὸ τοῦ δὲ τὸν ἀγῶνα συντε<λεσ>θῆναι, οἱ ἐπιμεληταὶ λόγον ἀποδότωσαν
[88] [τ]ῆ̣ς δαπάνης, γράψαντες εἰς σανίδας τοῖς τε πρυτάνεσι καὶ τῷ γυμ-
[89] νασιάρχωι, οἱ δὲ ἐκτιθέτωσαν σκοπεῖν τῶι βουλομένωι, καὶ ὀμοσά-
[90] [τ]ωσαν οἱ ἐπιμεληταὶ τόνδε τὸν ὅρκον· “ὀμνύομεν Δία Ποσειδῶ Δήμητρα·
[91] ἐδαπανήσαμεν τὸ ἀργύριον πᾶν τὸ ἀπ[ο]τεταγμέ[ν]ον [ε]ἴς τ[ε] τὴν δημο-
[92] [θο]ινίαν καὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἀφειρημένης τιμῆς οἴνου [με]τρητῶν ἐννέα, καὶ
[93] [ο]ὐ νοσφισόμεθα οὐθέν, καὶ καταστήσομ[εν] ἐπιμελητὴν τῶν {ἐν τοῖς} ε[ὐ]ερ̣-
[94] [γε]τῶν καὶ ἀλειτουργήτων τὸν εὐπορώτατον, ὅπω[ς ἂν κ]αὶ κράτιστα λει-
[95] [το]υργήσηι̣. εὐορκοῦντι μὲν εὖ εἶναι, ἐπιορκοῦντι δὲ τ̣ἀ̣ναντία”· ὅταν δὲ ὀμό-
[96] [σω]σι[ν], ἑλέσθωσαν οἱ ἐπιμεληταὶ ἐπιμελ[η]τὰ[ς] μεὶ νε[ωτ]έ[ρου]ς ἐτῶν τριακό[ν]-
[97] [τα] καὶ μὴ ἔχοντας ἄλλην λειτουργίαν πολιτικήν· οἱ δ[ὲ] ἁιρεθέντες διοι-
[98] [κε]ίτωσαν κατὰ τὰ προγεγραμμέν[α] ἐν τῷ νόμω[ι καὶ π]αραλαμβάνοντε[ς]
[99] [τὸ] ἀργύριον τὸ πῖπτον ἐν τεῖ βουλεῖ ἀναγρ[α]φέσ̣θ̣ωσαν· τοὺς δὲ αἱρεθέν-
[100] [τ]ας ὁ γραμματεὺς ἀναγραψάτω, [ἀ]νακηρυσσέ[τω δὲ ὁ κῆρ]υξ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀ-
[101] [γῶ]νος παραχρῆμα, ὅτι στεφανοῦσιν οἱ π̣ρ̣ε[σβ]ύτ̣ε̣ρ̣οι [κ]α̣ὶ οἱ ἔ̣φηβοι καὶ οἱ
[102] [νέ]οι πάντε̣ς Ἀλεξίμαχ[ο]ν Κριτολάου ἀρετῆς ἕ̣νε̣κ̣α̣ καὶ εὐταξίας ἧς
[103] [ἔχ]ων διετέλε̣ι̣. {²E}² ὅπως δὲ καὶ ἡ θυσία γίν[η]ται [εἰς τὸν] ἀ[ε]ὶ χρόνο[ν], οἱ πρυ-
[104] [τάν]εις οἱ πρυτανεύοντες τὸμ μῆνα τὸν ταυ[ρ]ε[ῶ]να θυέτωσαν αἶγα τ̣ῇ̣
[105] [αὐτῇ] ἡμέρ̣αι, ὅταν καὶ Ἐπικράτει θύωσι, λαμβάνοντες καὶ τοῦτο τὸ
[106] [ἀποτ]εταγμένον παρὰ τῶν ταμιῶν, καὶ οἱ ταμίαι ἐπάναγκες διδότω-
[107] [σαν]. {²F}² ἐὰν δέ τις ὠνήσηται τὰς ὀφειλούσας ὑπ[οθ]ή̣κας ἢ ὑποθῆται, καθ’ ὃν
[108] [εἴρη]ται τ̣ρ̣όπον φερέτω τὸν τόκον καταβάλλων [ἐν τεῖ βουλ]εῖ τοῦ Ἀπα-
[109] [του]ριῶνος μηνὸς ὁ ἔχων τὴν ὑποθήκην· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ φέρῃ, μισθούσθω ἡ ὑ-
[110] [πο]θήκη κατὰ τὰ αὐτά· τοῦ δὲ ἀρχαίου μη̣[δ]έπ[ο]τε ἔστω ἡ καταβολή, ἡ
[111] [δ]ὲ βουλὴ καὶ ὁ ἄρχων καὶ οἱ ταμίαι, ὅταν πράξωσ[ι]ν τ[ὸ ἀ]ργύριον, διδότω-
[112] [σ]αν παραχρῆμα ἐν τεῖ βουλεῖ τοῖς ἐπιμεληταῖς τοῖς κατασταθεῖσιν,
[113] καὶ ὁ γραμματεὺς ἀναγραψάτω τούς τε καταβαλόντας καὶ πόσ[ο]ν
[114] [ἕ]καστ[ος] κατέβαλεν καὶ τοὺς λαμβάν[οντ]α[ς τῶν ἐπιμε]λητῶν καὶ πό-
[115] [σ]ον λαμβάνουσιν· τῇ δὲ βουλῇ [μὴ] ἐξέστω πρότερον χρηματίσαι μ[η]-
[116] [θ]έν, μηδὲ ὁ ἐπιστάτης προτιθέτω, ἐὰν μὴ πράξωσιν τὸν τόκον παρὰ
[117] τῶν ὀφειλόντων τοῦτο τὸ ἀργύριον· ἐὰν δέ τις ἐπιμελητὴς αἱρεθεὶς καὶ
[118] [λ]αβὼν τὸ ἀργύριον μὴ συντελέσῃ τὴν λειτουργίαν, ἀποδότω δρα-
[119] [χ]μὰς χιλίας τῷ δημοσίωι, καὶ ὁ πράκτωρ αὐτὰ πραξάτ[ω· εἰ δὲ] μή, ὑπόδι-
[120] [κο]ς ἔστω τῷ βουλομένωι· ἐὰν δέ τις αἱρεθεὶς καὶ λαβ̣[ὼν τὸ] ἀργύριον
[121] [τ]ελευτήσῃ, οἱ κληρονόμοι αὐτοῦ ἀποδιδότωσαν [τὸ] ἀργύριον ἐν τῇ
[122] [πρώ]τῃ [ἐ]κκλησίαι, ἀφ’ οὗ ἂν τελευτήσῃ, ὁ δὲ δῆμο[ς κα]ὶ τ[ὸ] κ̣ε̣φάλαι[ο]ν καὶ τὸ
[123] [ἀ]ργύριον τὸ καταβληθὲν διδότω παραχρῆμα τῷ δημ̣οσ̣ίωι. {²G}² τὸ δὲ ἀ[ρ]-
[124] [χα]ῖον τὸ ἐπιδεδομένον ὑπὸ Κριτολάου ε[ἰς] ταῦτα μ̣ὴ̣ ἐξέστω με-
[125] [τα]θεῖναι εἰς ἄλλο μηθέν· ἐὰν δέ τις εἴπῃ ε̣ἲ ἐπιψ̣ηφίσ̣ῃ ἢ ὁ ἐπιστάτης εἲ
[126] [οἱ π]ρόεδροι προθῶσιν εἲ ὁ γραμματεὺς γράψῃ εἲ ἀναγνῷ, ὡς δε[ῖ] ταῦτα
[127] [τ]ὰ χρήματα εἰς ἄλλο τι καταχωρισθῆναι εἲ καὶ [ἄ]λλου μετακινηθῆ-
[128] [ν]α[ί] τι τῶν ἐν τῶι νόμωι γεγραμμένων, ὁ τούτων τι ποιήσας ἄτιμος
[129] [ἔσ]τω καὶ ἡ οὐσία αὐτοῦ δημοσία· γράφε̣σθ̣[ω] δὲ ὁ βουλομένος Αἰγιαλέω[ν]
[130] [οἷ]ς ἔξεστιν πρὸς τὸν θεσμοθέτην ἐπὶ τῶι ἡμίσει. {²H}² τὸν δὲ νόμον τόνδ[ε]
[131] [ε]ἶν[αι κύριον] εἰς τὸν πάντα χρόνον, καὶ ὁ γραμματεὺς αὐτὸν ἀναγ[ρα]-
[132] [ψ]άτω εἰς τὰ δημόσια γράμματα πάντα καὶ εἰς τὰς δέλτους, οὗ οἱ [νόμοι]
[133] [ε]ἰσ̣ὶν ἀναγ[εγ]ραμ[μ]ένοι, ἀναγραψάτω δὲ καὶ Κριτόλαος εἰστήλην καὶ
[134] [στ]ησάτω, [οὗ] ἂν καὶ τὸν ἀνδριάντα ἱστᾶι.

TRANSLATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Roller, L. E. (1981). “Funeral games for historical persons”. Stadion. Internationale Zeitschrift für Geschichte des Sports 7: 1–18.

Sokolowski, F. (1969). Lois sacrées des cités grecques. Paris: Éditions de Boccard.

Thür, G., and Fernández Nieto, F. J. (2003). Symposion 1999: Vorträge zur griechischen und hellenistischen Rechtsgeschichte (Pazo de Mariñan, La Coruña, 6.-9. September 1999). Köln: Böhlau.

Antiochus IV Epiphanes’ pompe in Daphne

TITLE
Antiochus IV Epiphanes’ pompe in Daphne

DATE
Summer, 166 BCE

TEXT
Gulick 1928, 381-387 (Athen. Deipn. 194C-195F).

[194]
[c] ὁ δ᾽ αὐτὸς οὗτος βασιλεὺς ἀκούσας τοὺς ἐν τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ συντετελεσμένους ἀγῶνας ὑπὸ Αἰμιλίου Παύλου τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατηγοῦ, βουλόμενος τῇ μεγαλοεργίᾳ ὑπερᾶραι τὸν Παῦλον ἐξέπεμψε πρέσβεις καὶ θεωροὺς εἰς τὰς πόλεις καταγγελοῦντας τοὺς ἐσομένους ἀγῶνας ὑπὸ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ Δάφνης· ὡς πολλὴν γενέσθαι τῶν Ἑλλήνων σπουδὴν εἰς τὴν ὡς αὐτὸν ἄφιξιν. ἀρχὴν δ᾽ ἐποιήσατο τῆς πανηγύρεως τὴν πομπείαν οὕτως ἐπιτελεσθεῖσαν.
[d] καθηγοῦντό τινες Ῥωμαικὸν ἔχοντες καθοπλισμὸν ἐν θώραξιν ἀλυσιδωτοῖς, ἄνδρες ἀκμάζοντες ταῖς ἡλικίαις πεντακισχίλιοι· μεθ᾽ οὓς Μυσοὶ πεντακισχίλιοι. συνεχεῖς δ᾽ ἦσαν Κίλικες εἰς τὸν τῶν εὐζώνων τρόπον καθωπλισμένοι τρισχίλιοι, χρυσοῦς ἔχοντες στεφάνους. ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις Θρᾷκες τρισχίλιοι καὶ Γαλάται πεντακισχίλιοι. τούτοις ἐπέβαλλον Μακεδόνες δισμύριοι, χρυσάσπιδες μὲν μύριοι καὶ χαλκάσπιδες πεντακισχίλιοι, οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἀργυράσπιδες· οἷς ἐπηκολούθει μονομάχων ζεύγη διακόσια τεσσαράκοντα.
[e] τούτων κατόπιν ἦσαν ἱππεῖς Νισαῖοι μὲν χίλιοι, πολιτικοὶ δὲ τρισχίλιοι, ὧν οἱ μὲν πλείους ἦσαν χρυσοφάλαροι καὶ χρυσοστέφανοι, οἱ δ᾽ ἄλλοι ἀργυροφάλαροι. μετὰ δὲ τούτους ἦσαν οἱ λεγόμενοι ἑταῖροι ἱππεῖς· οὗτοι δὲ ἦσαν εἰς χιλίους, πάντες χρυσοφάλαροι. τούτοις συνεχὲς ἦν τὸ τῶν φίλων σύνταγμα, ἴσον καὶ κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος καὶ κατὰ τὸν κόσμον. ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις ἐπίλεκτοι χίλιοι, οἷς ἐπηκολούθει τὸ καλούμενον ἄγημα, κράτιστον εἶναι δοκοῦν σύστημα τῶν ἱππέων, περὶ χιλίους.
[f] τελευταία δ᾽ ἦν ἡ κατάφρακτος ἵππος, οἰκείως τῇ προσηγορία τῶν ἵππων καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐσκεπασμένων τοῖς ὅπλοις· ἦσαν δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ χίλιοι καὶ πεντακόσιοι. πάντες δ᾽ οἱ προειρημένοι εἶχον πορφυρᾶς ἐφαπτίδας, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ διαχρύσους καὶ ζῳωτάς. ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις ἕξιππα μὲν ἦν ἑκατόν, τέθριππα δὲ τεσσαράκοντα· ἔπειτα ἐλεφάντων ἅρμα καὶ συνωρίς·

[195]
[a] καθ᾽ ἕνα δὲ εἵποντο ἐλέφαντες διεσκευασμένοι τριάκοντα καὶ ἕξ.
Τὴν δ᾽ ἄλλην πομπὴν λέγειν ἐστὶ δυσέφικτον, ὡς ἐν κεφαλαίῳ δὲ λεκτέον. ἔφηβοι μὲν γὰρ ἐπόμπευσαν εἰς ὀκτακοσίους, χρυσοῦς ἔχοντες στεφάνους, βόες δ᾽ εὐτραφεῖς περὶ χιλίους, θεωρίδες δὲ βραχὺ λείπουσαι τριακοσίων, ἐλεφάντων δὲ ὀδόντες ὀκτακόσιοι. τὸ δὲ τῶν ἀγαλμάτων πλῆθος οὐ δυνατὸν ἐξηγήσασθαι· πάντων γὰρ τῶν παρ᾽ ἀνθρώποις λεγομένων ἢ νομιζομένων θεῶν ἢ δαιμόνων, προσέτι δὲ ἡρώων εἴδωλα διήγετο, τὰ μὲν κεχρυσωμένα, τὰ δ᾽ ἠμφιεσμένα στολαῖς διαχρύσοις. καὶ πᾶσι τούτοις οἱ προσήκοντες μῦθοι κατὰ τὰς παραδεδομένας ἱστορίας ἐν διασκευαῖς πολυτελέσι παρέκειντο.
[b] εἵπετο δ᾽ αὐτοῖς καὶ Νυκτὸς εἴδωλον καὶ ῾ Ἡμέρας, Γῆς τε καὶ Οὐρανοῦ, καὶ Ἠοῦς καὶ Μεσημβρίας. τὸ δὲ τῶν χρυσωμάτων καὶ ἀργυρωμάτων πλῆθος οὕτως ἄν τις ὑπονοήσειεν ὅσον ἦν· ἑνὸς γὰρ τῶν φίλων Διονυσίου τοῦ ἐπιστολιαγράφου χίλιοι παῖδες ἐπόμπευσαν ἀργυρώματα ἔχοντες, ὧν οὐδὲν ἐλάττον᾽ ὁλκὴν εἶχεν δραχμῶν χιλίων. βασιλικοὶ δὲ παῖδες παρῆλθον ἑξακόσιοι χρυσώματα ἔχοντες. ἔπειτα γυναῖκες ἐκ χρυσῶν καλπίδων μύροις ἔρραινον εἰς διακοσίας.
[c] ταύταις δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἐπόμπευον ἐν χρυσόποσι μὲν φορείοις ὀγδοήκοντα γυναῖκες, ἐν ἀργυρόποσι δὲ πεντακόσιαι καθήμεναι, πολυτελῶς διεσκευασμέναι. καὶ τῆς μὲν πομπῆς τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα ταῦτα ἦν. ἐπιτελεσθέντων δὲ τῶν ἀγώνων καὶ μονομαχιῶν καὶ κυνηγεσίων κατὰ τριάκονθ᾽ ἡμέρας· ἐν αἷς τὰς θέας συνετέλει, πέντε μὲν τὰς πρώτας ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ πάντες ἐκ χρυσῶν ὁλκείων ἠλείφοντο κροκίνῳ μύρῳ·
[d] ἦν δὲ ταῦτα πεντεκαίδεκα, καὶ κινναμωμίνου τὰ ἴσα καὶ ναρδίνου. παραπλησίως δὲ καὶ ταῖς ἑξῆς εἰσεφέρετο τήλινον, ἀμαράκινον, ἴρινον, πάντα διαφέροντα ταῖς εὐωδίαις. ἔστρωτο δὲ εἰς εὐωχίαν ποτὲ μὲν χίλια τρίκλινα, ποτὲ δὲ χίλια πεντακόσια μετὰ τῆς πολυτελεστάτης διασκευῆς. ὁ δὲ χειρισμὸς ἐγίνετο τῶν πραγμάτων δι᾽ αὐτοῦ τοῦ βασιλέως. ἵππον γὰρ ἔχων εὐτελῆ παρέτρεχε παρὰ τὴν πομπήν, τοὺς μὲν προάγειν κελεύων, τοὺς δὲ ἐπέχειν.
[e] κατὰ δὲ τοὺς πότους αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τὰς εἰσόδους ἐφιστάμενος οὓς μὲν εἰσῆγεν, οὓς δ᾽ ἀνέκλινε, καὶ τοὺς διακόνους δὲ τοὺς τὰς παραθέσεις φέροντας αὐτὸς εἰσῆγε. καὶ περιπορευόμενος οὗ μὲν προσεκάθιζεν, οὗ δὲ προσανέπιπτε· καί ποτε μὲν ἀποθέμενος μεταξὺ τὸν ψωμόν, ποτὲ δὲ τὸ ποτήριον, ἀνεπήδα καὶ μετανίστατο καὶ περιῄει τὸν πότον προπόσεις λαμβάνων ὀρθὸς ἄλλοτε παρ᾽ ἄλλοις, ἅμα δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἀκροάμασι προσπαίζων.
[f] προιούσης δ’ ἐπὶ πολὺ τῆς συνουσίας καὶ πολλῶν ἤδη κεχωρισμένων ὑπὸ τῶν μίμων ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰσεφέρετο ὅλος συγκεκαλυμμένος καὶ εἰς τὴν γῆν ἐτίθετο ὡς εἷς ὢν δῆτα τῶν μίμων· καὶ τῆς συμφωνίας προκαλουμένης ἀναπηδήσας γυμνὸς ὠρχεῖτο καὶ ὑπεκρίνετο μετὰ τῶν γελωτοποιῶν, ὥστε πάντας αἰσχυνομένους φεύγειν. ταῦτα δὲ πάντα συνετελέσθη ἐξ ὧν τὰ μὲν ἐκ τῆς Αἰγύπτου ἐνοσφίσατο παρασπονδήσας τὸν Φιλομήτορα βασιλέα παιδίσκον ὄντα, τὰ δὲ καὶ τῶν φίλων συμβαλλομένων. ἱεροσυλήκει δὲ καὶ τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν ἱερῶν.

Paton 1968, 144-146 (Plb. 30.25. 1-19).

[1] ‘O δ᾽ αὐτὸς οὗτος βασιλεὺς ἀκούσας τοὺς ἐν τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ συντετελεσμένους ἀγῶνας ὑπὸ Αἰμιλίου Παύλου τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατηγοῦ, βουλόμενος τῇ μεγαλοδωρίᾳ ὑπερᾶραι τὸν Παῦλον ἐξέπεμψε πρέσβεις καὶ θεωροὺς εἰς τὰς πόλεις καταγγελοῦντας τοὺς ἐσομένους ἀγῶνας ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ Δάφνης, ὡς πολλὴν γενέσθαι τῶν Ἑλλήνων

[2] σπουδὴν εἰς τὴν ὡς αὐτὸν ἄφιξιν. ἀρχὴν δ᾽ ἐποιήσατο τῆς πανηγύρεως τὴν πομπείαν οὕτως

[3] ἐπιτελεσθεῖσαν. καθηγοῦντό τινες Ῥωμαϊκὸν ἔχοντες καθοπλισμὸν ἐν θώραξιν ἁλυσιδωτοῖς, ἄνδρες ἀκμάζοντες ταῖς ἡλικίαις πεντακισχίλιοι·

[4] μεθ᾽ οὓς Μυσοὶ πεντακισχίλιοι. συνεχεῖς δ᾽ ἦσαν Κίλικες εἰς τὸν τῶν εὐζώνων τρόπον καθωπλισμένοι τρισχίλιοι, χρυσοῦς ἔχοντες στεφάνους.

[5] ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις Θρᾷκες τρισχίλιοι καὶ Γαλάται πεντακισχίλιοι. τούτοις ἐπέβαλλον Μακεδόνες δισμύριοι καὶ χαλκάσπιδες πεντακισχίλιοι, ἄλλοι δὲ ἀργυράσπιδες, οἷς ἐπηκολούθει μονομάχων

[6] ζεύγη διακόσια τετταράκοντα. τούτων κατόπιν ἦσαν ἱππεῖς Νισαῖοι μὲν χίλιοι πολιτικοὶ δὲ τρισχίλιοι, ὧν οἱ μὲν πλείους ἦσαν χρυσοφάλαροι

[7] καὶ χρυσοστέφανοι, οἱ δ᾽ ἄλλοι ἀργυροφάλαροι. μετὰ δὲ τούτους ἦσαν οἱ λεγόμενοι Ἑταῖροι ἱππεῖς· οὗτοι δὲ ἦσαν εἰς χιλίους, πάντες χρυσο-

[8] φάλαροι. τούτοις συνεχὲς ἦν τὸ τῶν φίλων σύνταγμα, ἴσον καὶ κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος καὶ κατὰ τὸν κόσμον. ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις ἐπίλεκτοι χίλιοι, οἷς ἐπηκολούθει τὸ καλούμενον ἄγημα, κράτιστον

[9] εἶναι δοκοῦν σύστημα τῶν ἱππέων, περὶ χιλίους. τελευταία δ᾽ ἦν ἡ κατάφρακτος ἵππος, οἰκείως τῇ προσηγορίᾳ τῶν ἵππων καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐσκεπασμένων τοῖς ὅπλοις: ἦσαν δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ χίλιοι καὶ

[10] πεντακόσιοι. πάντες δ᾽ οἱ προειρημένοι εἶχον πορφυρᾶς ἐφαπτίδας, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ διαχρύσους

[11] καὶ ζῳωτάς. ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις ἕξιππα μὲν ἦν ἑκατόν, τέθριππα δὲ τετταράκοντα, ἔπειτα ἐλεφάντων ἅρμα καὶ συνωρίς. καθ᾽ ἕνα δὲ εἵποντο ἐλέφαντες διεσκευασμένοι τριάκοντα καὶ ἕξ.

[12] Τὴν δ᾽ ἄλλην πομπὴν λέγειν ἐστὶ δυσέφικτον, ὡς ἐν κεφαλαίῳ δὲ λεκτέον. ἔφηβοι μὲν γὰρ ἐπόμπευσαν εἰς ὀκτακοσίους, χρυσοῦς ἔχοντες στεφάνους, βόες δ᾽ εὐτραφεῖς περὶ χιλίους, θεωρικαὶ δὲ βραχὺ λείπουσαι τριακοσίων, ἐλεφάντων

[13] δὲ ὀδόντες ὀκτακόσιοι. τὸ δὲ τῶν ἀγαλμάτων πλῆθος οὐ δυνατὸν ἐξηγήσασθαι· πάντων γὰρ τῶν παρ᾽ ἀνθρώποις λεγομένων ἢ νομιζομένων θεῶν ἢ δαιμόνων, προσέτι δὲ ἡρώων εἴδωλα διήγετο, τὰ μὲν κεχρυσωμένα, τὰ δ᾽ ἠμφιεσμένα

[14] στολαῖς διαχρύσοις. καὶ πᾶσι τούτοις οἱ προσήκοντες μῦθοι κατὰ τὰς παραδεδομένας ἱστορίας

[15] ἐν διασκευαῖς πολυτελέσι παρέκειντο. εἵπετο δ᾽ αὐτοῖς καὶ Νυκτὸς εἴδωλον καὶ Ἡμέρας, Γῆς τε

[16] καὶ Οὐρανοῦ, καὶ Ἠοῦς καὶ Μεσημβρίας. τὸ δὲ τῶν χρυσωμάτων καὶ ἀργυρωμάτων πλῆθος οὕτως ἄν τις ὑπονοήσειεν ὅσον ἦν· ἑνὸς γὰρ τῶν φίλων, Διονυσίου τοῦ ἐπιστολιαγράφου, χίλιοι παῖδες ἐπόμπευσαν ἀργυρώματα ἔχοντες, ὧν οὐδὲν

[17] ἐλάττον᾽ ὁλκὴν εἶχεν δραχμῶν χιλίων. βασιλικοὶ δὲ παῖδες παρῆλθον ἑξακόσιοι χρυσώματα ἔχοντες. ἔπειτα γυναῖκες ἐκ χρυσῶν καλπίδων

[18] μύροις ἔρραινον, εἰς διακοσίας. ταύταις δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἐπόμπευον ἐν χρυσόποσι μὲν φορείοις ὀγδοήκοντα γυναῖκες, <ἐν> ἀργυρόποσι δὲ πεντακόσιαι καθ-

[19] ήμεναι, πολυτελῶς διεσκευασμέναι. καὶ τῆς μὲν πομπῆς τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα ταῦτα ἦν.

TRANSLATION
Gulick 1928, 381-387 (Athen. Deipn. 194C-195F).

This same king, hearing about the games instituted in Macedonia by Aemilius Paulus, the Roman general, and wishing to outdo Paulus in magnificence, dispatched envoys and delegates to the cities to proclaim the games which were to be given by him near Daphne; hence great interest arose on the part of the Greeks in meeting him. As a beginning to the meeting he got up a parade which was carried out in the following manner. It was led by certain men in the prime of their youth, five thousand in number, who wore Roman armour of chain-mail; after them came five thousand Mysians; close to these were three thousand Cilicians equipped in the fashion of light-armed troops, and wearing gold crowns. After these came three thousand Thracians and five thousand Celts. These were followed by twenty thousand Macedonians, ten thousand of them with gold shields, five thousand with bronze shields, and the rest with silver shields; close upon these came two hundred and forty pairs of gladiators. Behind them were one thousand Nisaean horsemen and three thousand citizen soldiers, of whom the majority wore gold cheek-coverings and gold crowns, the rest had cheek-coverings of silver. After them came the so-called “mounted companions”: there were about a thousand of these, all with gold cheek-pieces. Next to these was the division made up of his friends, equal in number and in beauty of equipment. After them were a thousand picked men, followed by the so-called Agema (“Guard”), which has the reputation of being the best organization of horsemen, numbering about a thousand. Last of all was the armoured cavalry, both horses and men being completely covered with armour in accordance with their name. They numbered alone one thousand five hundred. And all these mentioned wore purple cloaks, many also cloaks woven with gold and embroidered with figures. After them were a hundred chariots drawn by six horses, and forty drawn by four horses; next a chariot drawn by four elephants, and another by a pair of elephants; and in single file followed thirty-six caparisoned elephants.

It would be difficult to pursue the description of the rest of the procession, and it must be described summarily. Young men who had just come of age, to the number of eight hundred, and wearing gold crowns, marched in the line; fatted oxen, about one thousand; sacrificial tables, little short of three hundred; elephants’ tusks, eight hundred. It is not possible to enumerate the quantity of sacred images; for statues of all beings who are said or held to be gods, demigods, or even heroes among mankind were borne along, some gilded, others draped in garments of gold thread. And beside all of them lay the sacred myths pertaining to each, according to the traditional accounts, in sumptuous editions. They were followed by representations of Night and Day, Earth and Heaven, and Dawn and Noon. One might guess how great was the number of gold and silver vessels in the following way: of only one of the king’s friends, the secretary Dionysius, one thousand slaves marched in the procession carrying silver vessels, none of which weighed less than a thousand drachms. Then came six hundred royal slaves with gold vessels. After them nearly two hundred women sprinkled scented oil from gold pitchers. Close upon these in the procession were eighty women seated in litters having gold supports, and five hundred in litters with silver supports, all richly dressed. These were the most conspicuous features of the parade. The games, gladiatorial contests, and hunts took thirty days to conclude; during the first five days in which spectacles were carried out, all persons in the gymnasium anointed themselves with saffron oil from golden basins; these numbered fifteen, and there was an equal number of bowls with oil of cinnamon and nard. Similarly there were brought in, on the succeeding days, oil of fenugreek, marjoram, and orris, all of them rare in their fragrance. For a banquet on one occasion there were spread a thousand triclinia, on another fifteen hundred, with the most extravagant deckings. The management of these matters was undertaken by the king himself. Riding on a poor horse, he ran up and down the procession, commanding one division to advance, another to halt. At the symposia he stood at the entrance introducing some, assigning couches to others, and he himself brought in the servants who carried in the dishes served. And going round he would seat himself in one place, or throw himself down in another.

At one moment he would throw aside a morsel or a cup just as he had put them to his lips, and jumping up suddenly, he would change his place or walk round among the drinkers, receiving toasts standing sometimes by one, sometimes by another, at the same time laughing at the entertainments. When the party had been going on a long time and many had already withdrawn, the king was brought in by the mime-performers entirely wrapped up, and deposited on the ground as though he were one of the performers. When the symphony sounded the challenge, he would leap up and dance naked and act with the clowns, so that every one departed in shame. All these celebrations were paid for partly from funds which he had appropriated in Egypt when he broke his treaty with King Ptomely Philometor, who was then a lad, and partly from contributions by his friends. He had also plundered most of the temples.

Paton 1968, 144-147 (Plb. 30.25. 1-19).

This same king when he heard of the games celebrated in Macedonia by Aemilius Paullus the Roman general, ambitious of surpassing Paullus in magnificence sent out embassies and sacred missions to the towns to announce the games he was about to give at Daphne, so that people in Greece were very eager to visit Antioch then. The festival opened with a procession composed as follows: It was headed by five thousand men in the prime of life armed after the Roman fashion and wearing breastplates of chain-armour. Next came five thousand Mysians, and immediately behind them three thousand Cilicians armed in the manner of light infantry, wearing gold crowns. Next came three thousand Thracians and five thousand Gauls. They were followed by twenty thousand Macedonians of whom ten thousand bore golden shields, five thousand brazen shields and the rest silver shields. Next marched two hundred and fifty pairs of gladiators, and behind them a thousand horsemen from Nisa and three thousand from Antioch itself, most of whom had crowns and trappings of gold and the rest trappings of silver. Next to these came the so-called “companion cavalry,” numbering about a thousand, all with gold trappings, and next the regiment of “royal friends” of equal number and similarly accoutred; next a thousand picked horse followed by the so-called “agema,” supposed to be the crack cavalry corps, numbering about a thousand. Last of all marched the “cataphract” or mailed horse, the horses and men being armed in complete mail, as the name indicated. Of these too there were about fifteen hundred. All the above wore purple surcoats in many cases embroidered with gold and heraldic designs. Next came a hundred chariots drawn by six horses and forty drawn by four horses, and then a chariot drawn by four elephants and another drawn by a pair, and finally thirty-six elephants in single file with their housings.

It is a difficult task to describe the rest of the procession but I must attempt to give its main features. About eight hundred young men wearing gold crowns made part of it as well as about a thousand fat cattle and nearly three hundred cows presented by the various sacred missions and eight hundred ivory tusks. The vast quantity of images it is impossible to enumerate. For representations of all the gods and spirits mentioned or worshipped by men and of all the heroes were carried along, some gilded and others draped in garments embroidered with gold, and they were all accompanied by representations executed in precious materials of the myths relating to them as traditionally narrated. Behind them came images of Night and Day, of Earth and Heaven, and of Dawn and Midday. The quantity of gold and silver plate may be estimated from what follows. The slaves of one of the royal “friends,” Dionysius, the private secretary, marched along carrying articles of silver plate none of them weighing less than a thousand drachmae, and six hundred of the king’s own slaves went by bearing articles of gold plate. Next there were about two hundred women sprinkling the crowd with perfumes from golden urns, and these were followed by eighty women seated in litters with golden feet and five hundred in litters with silver feet, all richly dressed. Such were the more remarkable features of the procession.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Balasch Recort, M. (1983). Polibio. Historias. Libros XVI-XXXIX. Madrid: Biblioteca Clásica Gredos.

Büttner-Wobst (1882-1904). Polybius. Histories. 5 vol. Lipsiae: Teubner.

Calandra, E. (2022). Tutto il regno come su una scena. L’immaginario della panegyris di Antioco IV a Dafne. Sesto Fiorentino (FI), All’insegna del giglio s.a.s.

Foertmeyer, V. (1988). “The dating of the pompe of Ptolemy II Philadelphus”. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 37(1): 90-104.

Gulick, C. B. (1928). Athenaeus. The Deipnosophists. London: Willian Heinemann Ltd.

Iossif, P. P. (2011). “Imago mundi: expression et représentation de l’idéologie royale séleucide. La procession de Daphné”. Electrum 18: 125-157.

Paton, W. R., trans., (1968). Polybius. The Histories. Vol. 6. London: William Heinemann Ltd.

Rodríguez Noriega Guillén, L., trans., (1998). Ateneo. Banquete de los eruditos. Vol. 3. Libros III-V. Madrid: Biblioteca Clásica Gredos.

Strootman, R. (2014). “Royal processions: enacting the myth of Empire”. In: Courts and Elites in the Hellenistic Empires: The Near East After the Achaemenids, c. 330 to 30 BCE. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 247-264.

Walbank, F. W. (1996). “Two Hellenistic processions: a matter of self-definition”. Scripta Classica Israelica 15: 119-130.

Yonge, C. D., trans., (1854). Athenaeus of Naucratis. Deipnosophistae, 3 vol. London: Henry G. Bohn.

Ptolemy Philadephus’ pompe (cult of Ptolemy I and Berenike)

TITLE
Ptolemy Philadephus’ pompe (cult of Ptolemy I and Berenike)

DATE
Terminus post quem 282 – terminus ante quem 270 BCE (“in the middle of the winter” Athen. Deipn. 197D: probably between 279 and 276, 279/278 or in December 275-February 274 BCE).

TEXT
Gulick 1928, 386-420 (Athen. Deipn 196A-203C).

[196]
[a] θαυμασάντων δὲ τῶν δαιτυμόνων τήν τε τοῦ βασιλέως διάνοιαν ὡς οὐκ ἐπιφανής, ἀλλ᾽ ὄντως ἐπιμανὴς ὑπῆρχε … προσέθηκεν ὁ Μασούριος περὶ τῆς ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ γεγενημένης ὑπὸ τοῦ πάντα ἀρίστου Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Φιλαδέλφου βασιλέως πομπῆς Καλλίξεινον τὸν Ῥόδιον ἱστοροῦντα ἐν τῷ τετάρτῳ περὶ Ἀλεξανδρείας, ὅς φησι· “πρὸ δὲ τοῦ ἄρξασθαι τὴν κατασκευασθεῖσαν σκηνὴν ἐν τῷ τῆς ἄκρας περιβόλῳ χωρὶς τῆς τῶν στρατιωτῶν καὶ τεχνιτῶν καὶ παρεπιδήμων ὑποδοχῆς ἐξηγήσομαι· καλὴ γὰρ εἰς ὑπερβολὴν ἀξία τε
[b] ἀκοῆς ἐγενήθη. τὸ μὲν οὖν μέγεθος αὐτῆς ἑκατὸν τριάκοντα κλίνας ἐπιδεχόμενον κύκλῳ, διασκευὴν δ᾽ εἶχε τοιαύτην. κίονες διεστάθησαν ξύλινοι πέντε μὲν κατὰ πλευρὰν ἑκάστην τοῦ μήκους πεντηκονταπήχεις πρὸς ὕψος, ἑνὶ δὲ ἐλάττους κατὰ πλάτος· ἐφ᾽ ὧν ἐπιστύλιον καθηρμόσθη τετράγωνον, ὑπερεῖδον τὴν σύμπασαν τοῦ συμποσίου στέγην. αὕτη δ᾽ ἐνεπετάσθη κατὰ μέσον οὐρανίσκῳ κοκκινοβαφεῖ περιλεύκῳ, καθ᾽ ἑκάτερον δὲ μέρος εἶχε δοκοὺς μεσολεύκοις ἐμπετάσμασι πυργωτοῖς κατειλημένας,
[c] ἐν αἷς φατνώματα γραπτὰ κατὰ μέσον ἐτέτακτο. τῶν δὲ κιόνων οἱ μὲν τέσσαρες ὡμοίωντο φοίνιξιν, οἱ δ᾽ ἀνὰ μέσον θύρσων εἶχον φαντασίαν. τούτων δ᾽ ἐκτὸς περίστυλος ἐπεποίητο σῦριγξ ταῖς τρισὶ πλευραῖς καμαρωτὴν ἔχουσα στέγην, ἐν ᾗ τὴν τῶν κατακειμένων ἀκολουθίαν ἑστάναι συνέβαινεν. ἧς τὸ μὲν ἐντὸς αὐλαίαις περιείχετο φοινικίναις, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἀνὰ μέσον
[d] χωρῶν δοραὶ θηρίων παράδοξοι καὶ τῇ ποικιλίᾳ καὶ τοῖς μεγέθεσιν ἐκρέμαντο. τὸ δὲ περιέχον αὐτὴν ὕπαιθρον μυρρίναις καὶ δάφναις ἄλλοις τε ἐπιτηδείοις ἔρνεσιν ἐγεγόνει συνηρεφές. τὸ δ’ ἔδαφος πᾶν ἄνθεσι κατεπέπαστο παντοίοις. ἡ γὰρ Αἴγυπτος καὶ διὰ τὴν τοῦ περιέχοντος ἀέρος εὐκρασίαν καὶ διὰ τοὺς κηπεύοντας τὰ σπανίως καὶ καθ᾽ ὥραν ἐνεστηκυῖαν ἐν ἑτέροις φυόμενα τόποις ἄφθονα γεννᾷ καὶ διὰ παντός, καὶ οὔτε ῥόδον οὔτε λευκόιον οὔτ’ ἄλλο ῥᾳδίως ἄνθος ἐκλιπεῖν οὐθὲν οὐδέποτ᾽ εἴωθεν. διὸ δὴ καὶ κατὰ μέσον χειμῶνα τῆς ὑποδοχῆς τότε γενηθείσης
[e] παράδοξος ἡ φαντασία τοῖς ξένοις κατέστη. τὰ γὰρ εἰς μίαν εὑρεθῆναι στεφάνωσιν οὐκ ἂν δυνηθέντα ἐν ἄλλῃ πόλει ῥᾳδίως, ταῦτα καὶ τῷ πλήθει τῶν κατακειμένων ἐχορηγεῖτο εἰς τοὺς στεφάνους ἀφθόνως καὶ εἰς τὸ τῆς σκηνῆς ἔδαφος κατεπέπαστο χύδην, θείου τινὸς ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀποτελοῦντα λειμῶνος πρόσοψιν. διέκειτο δὲ ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν τῆς σκηνῆς παραστάδων ζῷα μαρμάρινα τῶν πρώτων τεχνιτῶν ἑκατόν. ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἀνὰ μέσον χώραις πίνακες τῶν Σικυωνικῶν ζωγράφων, ἐναλλὰξ δ᾽ ἐπίλεκτοι εἰκασίαι παντοῖαι καὶ χιτῶνες χρυσουφεῖς
[f] ἐφαπτίδες τε κάλλισται, τινὲς μὲν εἰκόνας ἔχουσαι τῶν βασιλέων ἐνυφασμένας, αἱ δὲ μυθικὰς διαθέσεις. ὑπεράνω δὲ τούτων θυρεοὶ περιέκειντο ἐναλλάξ ἀργυροῖ τε καὶ χρυσοῖ. ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἐπάνω τούτων χώραις οὔσαις ὀκταπήχεσιν ἄντρα κατεσκεύαστο κατὰ μὲν τὸ μῆκος τῆς σκηνῆς ἓξ ἐν ἑκατέρᾳ πλευρᾷ, κατὰ πλάτος δέ τέτταρα· συμπόσιά τε ἀντία ἀλλήλων ἐν αὐτοῖς τραγικῶν τε καὶ

[197]
[a] κωμικῶν καὶ σατυρικῶν ζῴων ἀληθινὸν ἐχόντων ἱματισμόν, οἷς παρέκειτο καὶ ποτήρια χρυσᾶ. κατὰ μέσον δὲ τῶν ἄντρων νύμφαι ἐλείφθησαν, ἐν αἷς ἔκειντο Δελφικοὶ χρυσοῖ τρίποδες ὑποστήματ᾽ ἔχοντες. κατὰ δὲ τὸν ὑψηλότατον τόπον τῆς ὀροφῆς ἀετοὶ κατὰ πρόσωπον ἦσαν ἀλλήλων χρυσοῖ, πεντεκαιδεκαπήχεις τὸ μέγεθος. ἔκειντο δὲ κλῖναι χρυσαῖ σφιγγόποδες ἐν ταῖς δυσὶ πλευραῖς ἑκατόν· ἡ γὰρ κατὰ πρόσωπον ἁψὶς ἀφεῖτ᾽ ἀναπεπταμένη.
[b] ταύταις δ᾽ ἀμφίταποι ἁλουργεῖς ὑπέστρωντο τῆς πρώτης ἐρέας, καὶ περιστρώματα ποικίλα διαπρεπῆ ταῖς τέχναις ἐπῆν. ψιλαὶ δὲ Περσικαὶ τὴν ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ποδῶν χώραν ἐκάλυπτον, ἀκριβῆ τὴν εὐγραμμίαν τῶν ἐνυφασμένων ἔχουσαι ζῳδίων. παρετέθησαν δὲ καὶ τρίποδες τοῖς κατακειμένοις χρυσοῖ διακόσιοι τὸν ἀριθμόν, ὥστ᾽ εἶναι δύο κατὰ κλίνην, ἐπ᾽ ἀργυρῶν διέδρων. ἐκ δὲ τῶν ὄπισθεν πρὸς τὴν ἀπόνιψιν ἑκατὸν ἀργυραῖ λεκάναι καὶ
[c] καταχύσεις ἴσαι παρέκειντο. ἐπεπήγει δὲ τοῦ συμποσίου καταντικρὺ καὶ ἑτέρα κλίνη πρὸς τὴν τῶν κυλίκων καὶ ποτηρίων τῶν τε λοιπῶν τῶν πρὸς τὴν χρῆσιν ἀνηκόντων κατασκευασμάτων ἔκθεσιν· ἃ δὴ πάντα χρυσᾶ τε ἦν καὶ διάλιθα, θαυμαστὰ ταῖς τέχναις. τούτων δὲ τὴν μὲν κατὰ μέρος κατασκευὴν καὶ τὰ γένη μακρὸν ἐπεφαίνετό μοι δηλοῦν· τὸ δὲ τοῦ σταθμοῦ πλῆθος εἰς μύρια τάλαντα ἀργυρίου τὴν σύμπασαν εἶχε κατασκευήν.
Ήμεῖς δὲ ἐπειδὴ τὰ κατὰ τὴν σκηνὴν διεληλύθαμεν, ποιησόμεθα καὶ τὴν τῆς πομπῆς ἐξήγησιν. ἤγετο γὰρ διὰ τοῦ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν σταδίου.
[d] πρώτη δ᾽ ἐβάδιζεν ἡ Ἑωσφόρου· καὶ γὰρ ἀρχὴν εἶχεν ἡ πομπὴ καθ᾽ ὃν ὁ προειρημένος ἀστήρ φαίνεται χρόνον. ἔπειθ᾽ ἡ τοῖς τῶν βασιλέων γονεῦσι κατωνομασμένη. μετὰ δὲ ταύτας αἱ τῶν θεῶν ἁπάντων, οἰκείαν ἔχουσαι τῆς περὶ ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἱστορίας διασκευήν. τὴν δὲ τελευταίαν Ἑσπέρου συνέβαινεν εἶναι, τῆς ὥρας εἰς τοῦτο συναγούσης τὸν καιρόν. τὰ δὲ κατά μέρος αὐτῶν εἴ τις εἰδέναι βούλεται, τὰς τῶν πεντ-
[e] ετηρίδων γραφὰς λαμβάνων ἐπισκοπείτω. τῆς δὲ Διονυσιακῆς πομπῆς πρῶτοι μὲν προῄεσαν οἱ τὸν ὄχλον ἀνείργοντες Σιληνοί, πορφυρᾶς χλαμύδας, οἱ δὲ φοινικίδας ἠμφιεσμένοι. τούτοις δ᾽ ἐπηκολούθουν Σάτυροι καθ᾽ ἕκαστον τοῦ σταδίου μέρος εἴκοσι, λαμπάδας φέροντες κισσίνας διαχρύσους. μεθ᾽ οὓς Νῖκαι χρυσᾶς ἔχουσαι πτέρυγα. ἔφερον δ᾽ αὗται θυμιατήρια ἑξαπήχη κισσίνοις διαχρύσοις κλωσὶ διακεκοσμημένα, ζῳωτοὺς ἐνδεδυκυῖαι χιτῶνας, αὐταὶ δὲ πολὺν κόσμον χρυσοῦν περι-
[f] κείμεναι. μετὰ δὲ ταύτας εἵπετο βωμὸς ἑξάπηχυς διπλοῦς κισσίνῃ φυλλάδι διαχρύσῳ πεπυκασμένος, ἔχων ἀμπέλινον χρυσοῦν στέφανον μεσολεύκοις μίτραις διειλημμένον. ἐπηκολούθουν δ᾽ αὐτῷ παῖδες ἐν χιτῶσι πορφυροῖς, λιβανωτὸν καὶ σμύρναν, ἔτι δὲ κρόκον ἐπὶ χρυσῶν μαζονόμων φέροντες ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι. μεθ᾽ οὓς Σάτυροι τεσσαράκοντα ἐστεφανωμένοι κισσίνοις χρυσοῖς στεφάνοις· τὰ δὲ σώματα οἱ μὲν ἐκέχριντο ὀστρείῳ,

[198]
[a] τινὲς δὲ μίλτῳ καὶ χρώμασιν ἑτέροις. ἔφερον δὲ καὶ οὗτοι στέφανον χρυσοῦν ἐξ ἀμπέλου καὶ κισσοῦ εἰργασμένον. μεθ᾽ οὓς Σιληνοὶ δύο ἐν πορφυραῖς χλαμύσι καὶ κρηπῖσι λευκαῖς. εἶχε δ᾽ αὐτῶν ὁ μὲν πέτασον καὶ κηρύκειον χρυσοῦν, ὁ δὲ σάλπιγγα. μέσος δὲ τούτων ἐβάδιζεν ἀνὴρ μείζων ἢ τετράπηχυς ἐν τραγικῇ διαθέσει καὶ προσώπῳ, φέρων χρυσοῦν Ἀμαλθείας κέρας· ὃς προσηγορεύετο Ἐνιαυτός. ᾧ γυνὴ περικαλλεστάτη καὶ ἴση κατὰ τὸ μέγεθος εἵπετο πολλῷ
[b] χρυσῷ καὶ διαπρεπεῖ χιτῶνι κεκοσμημένη, φέρουσα τῇ μὲν μιᾷ τῶν χειρῶν στέφανον περσέας, τῇ δ᾽ ἑτέρᾳ ῥάβδον φοίνικος· ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ αὕτη Πεντετηρίς. ταύτῃ δ᾽ ἐπηκολούθουν Ὧραι αἱ τέσσαρες διεσκευασμέναι καὶ ἑκάστη φέρουσα τοὺς ἰδίους καρπούς· ἐχόμενα τούτων θυμιατήρια δύο κίσσινα ἐκ χρυσοῦ ἑξαπήχη καὶ βωμὸς ἀνὰ μέσον τούτων τετράγωνος χρυσοῦ. καὶ πάλιν Σάτυροι στεφάνους ἔχοντες κισσίνους χρυσοῦς, φοινικίδας περιβεβλημένοι· ἔφερον δ᾽ οἱ μὲν οἰνοχόην χρυσῆν, οἱ δὲ καρχήσιον. μεθ᾽ οὓς ἐπορεύετο Φιλίσκος ὁ ποιητὴς ἱερεὺς ὢν
[c] Διονύσου καὶ πάντες οἱ περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον τεχνῖται. τούτων δ᾽ ἐφεξῆς ἐφέροντο Δελφικοὶ τρίποδες, ἆθλα τοῖς τῶν ἀθλητῶν χορηγοῖς, ὁ μὲν παιδικὸς ἐννέα πηχῶν τὸ ὕψος, ὁ δὲ πηχῶν δώδεκα ὁ τῶν ἀνδρῶν. μετὰ τούτους τετράκυκλος πηχῶν τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα, ὀκτὼ δὲ τὸ πλάτος, ἤγετο ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν, ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτης ἐπῆν ἄγαλμα Διονύσου δεκάπηχυ σπένδον ἐκ καρχησίου χρυσοῦ, χιτῶνα πορφυροῦν ἔχον διάπεζον καὶ ἐπ᾽ αὐτοῦ κροκωτὸν διαφανῆ· περιεβέβλητο δὲ ἱμάτιον πορφυροῦν χρυσοποίκιλον.
[d] προέκειτο δὲ αὐτοῦ κρατὴρ Λακωνικὸς χρυσοῦς μετρητῶν δεκαπέντε καὶ τρίπους χρυσοῦς, ἐφ᾽ οὗ θυμιατήριον χρυσοῦν καὶ φιάλαι δύο χρυσαῖ, κασίας μεσταὶ καὶ κρόκου. περιέκειτο δ᾽ αὐτῷ καὶ σκιὰς ἐκ κισσοῦ καὶ ἀμπέλου καὶ τῆς λοιπῆς ὀπώρας κεκοσμημένη, προσήρτηντο δὲ καὶ στέφανοι καὶ ταινίαι καὶ θύρσοι καὶ τύμπανα καὶ μίτραι πρόσωπά τε σατυρικὰ καὶ κωμικὰ καὶ
[e] τραγικά. τῇ δὲ τετρακύκλῳ … ἱερεῖς καὶ ἱέρειαι καὶ ἱεροστολισταὶ καὶ θίασοι παντοδαποὶ καὶ τὰ λῖκνα φέρουσαι. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Μακέται αἱ καλούμεναι Μιμαλλόνες καὶ Βασσάραι καὶ Λυδαί, κατακεχυμέναι τὰς τρίχας καὶ ἐστεφανωμέναι τινὲς μὲν ὄφεσιν, αἱ δὲ μίλακι καὶ ἀμπέλῳ καὶ κισσῷ· κατεῖχον δὲ ταῖς χερσὶν αἱ μὲν ἐγχειρίδια, αἱ δὲ ὄφεις. μετὰ δὲ ταύτας ἤγετο
[f] τετράκυκλος πηχῶν ὀκτὼ πλάτος ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑξήκοντα, ἐφ᾽ ἧς ἄγαλμα Νύσης ὀκτάπηχυ καθήμενον, ἐνδεδυκὸς μὲν θάψινον χιτῶνα χρυσοποίκιλον, ἱμάτιον δὲ ἠμφίεστο Λακωνικόν. ἀνίστατο δὲ τοῦτο μηχανικῶς οὐδενὸς τὰς χεῖρας προσάγοντος καὶ σπεῖσαν ἐκ χρυσῆς φιάλης γάλα πάλιν ἐκάθητο. εἶχε δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀριστερᾷ θύρσον ἐστεμμένον μίτραις. αὕτη δ᾽ ἐστεφάνωτο κισσίνῳ χρυσῷ καὶ βότρυσι διαλίθοις πολυτελέσιν. εἶχε δὲ σκιάδα καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν γωνιῶν τῆς τετρακύκλου κατεπεπήγεσαν

[199]
[a] λαμπάδες διάχρυσοι τέτταρες. ἑξῆς εἵλκετο ἄλλη τετράκυκλος μῆκος πηχῶν εἴκοσι, πλάτος ἑκκαίδεκα, ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν τριακοσίων· ἐφ᾽ ἧς κατεσκεύαστο ληνὸς πηχῶν εἴκοσι τεσσάρων, πλάτος πεντεκαίδεκα, πλήρης σταφυλῆς. ἐπάτουν δὲ ἑξήκοντα Σάτυροι πρὸς αὐλὸν ᾁδοντες μέλος ἐπιλήνιον, ἐφειστήκει δ᾽ αὐτοῖς Σιληνός. καὶ δι᾽ ὅλης τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ γλεῦκος ἔρρει. ἑξῆς ἐφέρετο τετράκυκλος μῆκος πηχῶν εἴκοσι πέντε, πλάτος τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα, ἤγετο δὲ ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑξακοσίων· ἐφ᾽ ἧς ἦν ἀσκὸς τρισχιλίους ἔχων μετρητάς, ἐκ
[b] παρδαλῶν ἐρραμμένος· ἔρρει δὲ καὶ οὗτος κατὰ μικρὸν ἀνιέμενος κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν. ἠκολούθουν δ᾽ αὐτῷ Σάτυροι καὶ Σιληνοὶ ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι ἐστεφανωμένοι, φέροντες οἱ μὲν οἰνοχόας, οἱ δὲ φιάλας, οἱ δὲ θηρικλείους μεγάλας, πάντα χρυσᾶ. ἐχόμενος ἤγετο κρατὴρ ἀργυροῦς ἑξακοσίους χωρῶν μετρητὰς ἐπὶ τετρακύκλου ἑλκομένης ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑξακοσίων. εἶχε δὲ ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη καὶ τὰ ὦτα καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν βάσιν ζῷα τετορευμένα
[c] καὶ διὰ μέσου ἐστεφάνωτο στεφάνῳ χρυσῷ διαλίθῳ. ἑξῆς ἐφέρετο κυλικεῖα ἀργυρᾶ δωδεκαπήχη δύο, ὕψος πηχῶν ἕξ· ταῦτα δ᾽ εἶχεν ἄνω τε ἀκρωτήρια καὶ ἐν ταῖς γάστραις κύκλῳ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ποδῶν ζῷα τριημιπήχη καὶ πηχυαῖα πλήθει πολλά, καὶ λουτῆρες μεγάλοι δέκα καὶ κρατῆρες ἑκκαίδεκα, ὧν οἱ μείζους ἐχώρουν μετρητὰς τριάκοντα, οἱ δ᾽ ἐλάχιστοι πέντε, εἶτα λέβητες βαλανωτοὶ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες ἐπ᾽ ἐγγυθήκαις πάντες καὶ ληνοὶ ἀργυραῖ δύο, ἐφ᾽ ὧν ἦσαν βῖκοι
[d] εἴκοσι τέσσαρες, τράπεζά τε ὁλάργυρος δωδεκάπηχυς καὶ ἄλλαι ἑξαπήχεις τριάκοντα. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τρίποδες τέσσαρες, ὧν εἷς μὲν εἶχε τὴν περίμετρον πηχῶν ἑκκαίδεκα, κατάργυρος ὢν ὅλος, οἱ δὲ τρεῖς ἐλάττονες ὄντες διάλιθοι κατὰ μέσον ὑπῆρχον. μετὰ τούτους ἐφέροντο Δελφικοὶ τρίποδες ἀργυροῖ ὀγδοήκοντα τὸν ἀριθμόν, ἐλάττους τῶν προειρημένων, ὧν αἱ γωνίαι …, τετραμέτρητοι, ὑδρίαι εἴκοσι καὶ ἕξ, ἀμφορεῖς Παναθηναικοὶ δεκαέξ, ψυκτῆρες ἑκατὸν ἑξήκοντα.
[e] τούτων ὁ μέγιστος ἦν μετρητῶν ἕξ, ὁ δὲ ἐλάχιστος δύο. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἦν ἅπαντα ἀργυρᾶ.
Έχόμενοι δὲ τούτων ἐπόμπευον οἱ τὰ χρυσώματα φέροντες, κρατῆρας Λακωνικοὺς τέτταρας ἔχοντας στεφάνους ἀμπελίνους … τετραμέτρητοι ἕτεροι, Κορινθιουργεῖς δύο—οὗτοι δ᾽ εἶχον ἄνωθεν καθήμενα περιφανῆ τετορευμένα ζῷα καὶ ἐν τῷ τραχήλῳ καὶ ἐν ταῖς γάστραις πρόστυπα ἐπιμελῶς πεποιημένα ἐχώρει δ’ ἕκαστος μετρητὰς ὀκτὼ— ἐπ᾽ ἐγγυθήκαις. καὶ ληνός, ἐν
[f] ᾗ ἦσαν βῖκοι δέκα, ὁλκεῖα δύο, ἑκάτερον χωροῦν μετρητὰς πέντε, κώθωνες διμέτρητοι δύο, ψυκτῆρες εἴκοσι δύο, ὧν ὁ μέγιστος ἐχώρει μετρητὰς τριάκοντα, ὁ δὲ ἐλάχιστος μετρητήν. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ τρίποδες χρυσοῖ μεγάλοι τέτταρες· καὶ χρυσωματοθήκη χρυσῆ διάλιθος πηχῶν δέκα ὕψος, ἔχουσα βασμοὺς ἕξ, ἐν οἷς καὶ ζῷα τετραπάλαιστα ἐπιμελῶς πεποιημένα, πολλὰ τὸν ἀριθμὸν· καὶ κυλικεῖα δύο καὶ ὑάλινα διάχρυσα δύο· ἐγγυθῆκαι

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[a] χρυσαῖ τετραπήχεις δύο, ἄλλαι ἐλάττους τρεῖς, ὑδρίαι δέκα, βωμὸς τρίπηχυς, μαζονόμια εἴκοσι πέντε. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐπορεύοντο παῖδες χίλιοι καὶ ἑξακόσιοι ἐνδεδυκότες χιτῶνας λευκούς, ἐστεφανωμένοι οἱ μὲν κισσῷ, οἱ δὲ πίτυι· ὧν διακόσιοι μὲν καὶ πεντήκοντα χοεῖς εἶχον χρυσοῦς, τετρακόσιοι δὲ ἀργυροῦς, ἕτεροι δὲ τριακόσιοι καὶ εἴκοσι ψυκτήρια ἔφερον χρυσᾶ, οἱ δὲ ἀργυρᾶ. μεθ᾽ οὓς ἄλλοι παῖδες ἔφερον κεράμια πρὸς τὴν τοῦ γλυκισμοῦ χρείαν, ὧν εἴκοσι μὲν ἦν χρυσᾶ, πεντήκοντα δὲ ἀργυρᾶ, τριακόσια δὲ κεκηρο-
[b] γραφημένα χρώμασι παντοίοις. καὶ κερασθέντων ἐν ταῖς ὑδρίαις καὶ πίθοις πάντες κοσμίως ἐγλυκάνθησαν οἱ ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ.
‘Εξῆς τούτοις καταλέγει τετραπήχεις τραπέζας ἐφ᾽ ὧν πολλὰ θέας ἄξια πολυτελῶς κατεσκευασμένα περιήγετο θεάματα. ἐν οἷς καὶ ὁ τῆς Σεμέλης θάλαμος, ἐν ᾧ ἔχουσι χιτῶνας τινὲς διαχρύσους καὶ λιθοκολλήτους τῶν πολυτιμήτων. οὐκ ἄξιον δ᾽ ἦν παραλιπεῖν τήνδε “τὴν τετράκυκλον, μῆκος οὖσαν πηχῶν εἴκοσι δύο, πλάτος δεκατεσσάρων,
[c] ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν ἑλκομένην πεντακοσίων· ἐφ᾽ ἧς ἄντρον ἦν βαθὺ καθ᾽ ὑπερβολὴν κισσῷ καὶ μίλῳ. ἐκ τούτου περιστεραὶ καὶ φάσσαι καὶ τρυγόνες καθ᾽ ὅλην ἐξίπταντο τὴν ὁδόν, λημνίσκοις τοὺς πόδας δεδεμέναι πρὸς τὸ ῥᾳδίως ὑπὸ τῶν θεωμένων ἁρπάζεσθαι. ἀνέβλυζον δὲ ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ κρουνοὶ δύο, ὁ μὲν γάλακτος, ὁ δὲ οἴνου. πᾶσαι δ᾽ αἱ περὶ αὐτὸν Νύμφαι στεφάνους εἶχον χρυσοῦς, ὁ δὲ Ἑρμῆς καὶ κηρύκειον χρυσοῦν, ἐσθῆτας δὲ πολυτελεῖς. ἐπὶ δὲ ἄλλης τετρακύκλου, ἣ περιεῖχε
[d] τὴν ἐξ Ἰνδῶν κάθοδον Διονύσου, Διόνυσος ἦν δωδεκάπηχυς ἐπ᾽ ἐλέφαντος κατακείμενος, ἠμφιεσμένος πορφυρίδα καὶ στέφανον κισσοῦ καὶ ἀμπέλου χρυσοῦν ἔχων· εἶχε δ᾽ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ θυρσόλογχον χρυσοῦν, ὑπεδέδετο δ᾽ ἐμβάδας χρυσορραφεῖς. προεκάθητο δ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῷ τραχήλῳ τοῦ ἐλέφαντος Σατυρίσκος πεντάπηχυς ἐστεφανωμένος πίτυος στεφάνῳ χρυσῷ, τῇ δεξιᾷ χειρὶ αἰγείῳ κέρατι χρυσῷ σημαίνων. ὁ δὲ ἐλέφας σκευὴν εἶχε χρυσῆν καὶ περὶ τῷ τραχήλῳ
[e] κίσσινον χρυσοῦν στέφανον. ἠκολούθουν δὲ τούτῳ παιδίσκαι πεντακόσιαι κεκοσμημέναι χιτῶσι πορφυροῖς, χρυσῷ διεζωσμέναι. ἐστεφάνωντο δὲ αἱ μὲν ἡγούμεναι ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι χρυσοῖς πιτυίνοις στεφάνοις, ἠκολούθουν δ᾽ αὐταῖς Σάτυροι ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι, πανοπλίας οἱ μὲν χρυσᾶς, οἱ δὲ ἀργυρᾶς, οἱ δὲ χαλκᾶς ἔχοντες. μετὰ δὲ τούτους ἐπορεύοντο ὄνων ἶλαι πέντε, ἐφ᾽ ὧν ἦσαν Σιληνοὶ καὶ Σάτυροι ἐστεφανωμένοι. τῶν δὲ ὄνων οἱ μὲν χρυσᾶς, οἱ δὲ ἀργυρᾶς προμετωπίδας καὶ σκευασίας εἶχον.
[f] μετὰ δὲ τούτους ἐλεφάντων ἅρματα ἀφείθη εἴκοσι τέτταρα καὶ συνωρίδες τράγων ἑξήκοντα, κόλων δεκαδύο, ὀρύγων ἑπτά, βουβάλων δεκαπέντε, στρουθῶν συνωρίδες ὀκτώ, ὀνελάφων ἑπτά, καὶ συνωρίδες δ᾽ ὄνων ἀγρίων, ἅρματα τέσσαρα. ἐπὶ δὲ πάντων τούτων ἀνεβεβήκει παιδάρια χιτῶνας ἔχοντα ἡνιοχικοὺς καὶ πετάσους. παρανεβεβήκει δὲ παιδισκάρια διεσκευασμένα πελταρίοις καὶ θυρσολόγχοις, κεκοσμημένα ἱματίοις καὶ χρυσίοις. ἐστεφάνωτο δὲ τὰ μὲν ἡνιοχοῦντα παιδάρια πίτυι, τὰ δὲ παιδισκάρια κισσῷ. ἐπῇσαν δὲ καὶ συνωρίδες καμήλων ἕξ, ἐξ ἑκατέρου μέρους τρεῖς· αἷς ἐπηκολούθουν ἀπῆναι ὑφ᾽ ἡμιόνων ἀγόμεναι. αὗται δ᾽ εἶχον σκηνὰς βαρ-

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[a] βαρικάς, ὑφ᾽ ὧν ἐκάθηντο γυναῖκες Ἰνδαὶ καὶ ἕτεραι κεκοσμημέναι ὡς αἰχμάλωτοι. κάμηλοι δ᾽ αἱ μὲν ἔφερον λιβανωτοῦ μνᾶς τριακοσίας, σμύρνης τριακοσίας, κρόκου καὶ κασίας καὶ κινναμώμου καὶ ἴριδος καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ἀρωμάτων διακοσίας. ἐχόμενοι τούτων ἦσαν Αἰθίοπες δωροφόροι, ὧν οἱ μὲν ἔφερον ὀδόντας ἑξακοσίους, ἕτεροι δὲ ἐβένου κορμοὺς δισχιλίους, ἄλλοι χρυσίου καὶ ἀργυρίου κρατῆρας ἑξήκοντα καὶ ψήγματα
[b] χρυσοῦ. μεθ᾽ οὓς ἐπόμπευσαν κυνηγοὶ β᾽ ἔχοντες σιβύνας ἐπιχρύσους. ἤγοντο δὲ καὶ κύνες δισχίλιοι τετρακόσιοι, οἱ μὲν Ἰνδοί, οἱ λοιποὶ δὲ Ὑρκανοὶ καὶ Μολοσσοὶ καὶ ἑτέρων γενῶν. ἑξῆς ἄνδρες ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα φέροντες δένδρα, ἐξ ὧν ἀνήρτητο θηρία παντοδαπὰ καὶ ὄρνεα. εἶτ᾽ ἐφέροντο ἐν ἀγγείοις ψιττακοὶ καὶ ταῲ καὶ μελεαγρίδες καὶ φασιανοὶ ὄρνιθες καὶ ἄλλοι Αἰθιοπικοί, πλήθει πολλοί.”
Εἰπὼν δὲ καὶ ἄλλα πλεῖστα καὶ καταλέξας ζῴων ἀγέλας ἐπιφέρει· “πρόβατα Αἰθιοπικὰ ἑκατὸν
[c] τριάκοντα, Ἀράβια τριακόσια, Εὐβοικὰ εἴκοσι, καὶ ὁλόλευκοι βόες Ἰνδικοὶ εἴκοσι ἕξ, Αἰθιοπικοὶ ὀκτώ, ἄρκτος λευκὴ μεγάλη μία, παρδάλεις ιδ᾽, πάνθηροι ισ᾽, λυγκία δ᾽, ἄρκηλοι γ᾽, καμηλοπάρδαλις μία, ῥινόκερως Αἰθιοπικὸς α᾽. ἑξῆς ἐπὶ τετρακύκλου Διόνυσος ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς Ῥέας βωμὸν καταπεφευγὼς ὅτε ὑπὸ Ἥρας ἐδιώκετο, στέφανον ἔχων χρυσοῦν, Πριάπου αὐτῷ παρεστῶτος ἐστεφανωμένου χρυσῷ κισσίνῳ. τὸ δὲ τῆς Ἥρας ἄγαλμα
[d] στεφάνην εἶχε χρυσῆν. Ἀλεξάνδρου δὲ καὶ Πτολεμαίου ἀγάλματα ἐστεφανωμένα στεφάνοις κισσίνοις ἐκ χρυσοῦ. τὸ δὲ τῆς Ἀρετῆς ἄγαλμα τὸ παρεστὸς τῷ Πτολεμαίῳ στέφανον εἶχεν ἐλαίας χρυσοῦν. καὶ Πρίαπος δ᾽ αὐτοῖς συμπαρῆν ἔχων στέφανον κίσσινον ἐκ χρυσοῦ. Κόρινθος δ᾽ ἡ πόλις παρεστῶσα τῷ Πτολεμαίῳ ἐστεφάνωτο διαδήματι χρυσῷ. παρέκειντο δὲ πᾶσι τούτοις κυλικεῖον μεστὸν χρυσωμάτων κρατήρ τε χρυσοῦς μετρητῶν πέντε. τῇ δὲ τετρακύκλῳ ταύτῃ ἠκολούθουν
[e] γυναῖκες ἔχουσαι ἱμάτια πολυτελῆ καὶ κόσμον· προσηγορεύοντο δὲ πόλεις, αἵ τε ἀπ᾽ Ἰωνίας καὶ αἱ λοιπαὶ Ἑλληνίδες ὅσαι τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ τὰς νήσους κατοικοῦσαι ὑπὸ τοὺς Πέρσας ἐτάχθησαν· ἐφόρουν δὲ πᾶσαι στεφάνους χρυσοῦς. ἐφέρετο καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἄλλων τετρακύκλων θύρσος ἐνενηκοντάπηχυς χρυσοῦς καὶ λόγχη ἀργυρᾶ ἑξηκοντάπηχυς καὶ ἐν ἄλλῃ φαλλὸς χρυσοῦς πηχῶν ρκ᾽ διαγεγραμμένος καὶ διαδεδεμένος στέμμασι διαχρύσοις, ἔχων ἐπ᾽ ἄκρου ἀστέρα χρυσοῦν, οὗ ἦν ἡ περίμετρος πηχῶν σ᾽.”
Πολλῶν οὖν καὶ ποικίλῶν εἰρημένων ἐν ταῖς
[f] πομπαῖς ταύταις μόνα ἐξελεξάμεθα ἐν οἷς ἦν χρυσὸς καὶ ἄργυρος. καὶ γὰρ διαθέσεις πολλαὶ ἀκοῆς ἦσαν ἄξιαι καὶ θηρίων πλήθη καὶ ἵππων καὶ λέοντες παμμεγέθεις εἴκοσι καὶ τέσσαρες. “ἦσαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλαι τετράκυκλοι οὐ μόνον εἰκόνας βασιλέων φέρουσαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ θεῶν πολλαί. μεθ᾽ ἃς χορὸς ἐπόμπευσεν ἀνδρῶν ἑξακοσίων· ἐν οἷς κιθαρισταὶ συνεφώνουν τριακόσιοι, ἐπιχρύσους ἔχοντες

[202]
[a] ὅλας κιθάρας καὶ στεφάνους χρυσοῦς. μεθ᾽ οὓς ταῦροι διῆλθον δισχίλιοι ὁμοιοχρώματοι χρυσόκερῳ, προμετωπίδας χρυσᾶς καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον στεφάνους ὅρμους τε καὶ αἰγίδας πρὸ τῶν στηθῶν ἔχοντες· ἦν δ᾽ ἅπαντα ταῦτα χρυσᾶ, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Διὸς ἤγετο πομπὴ καὶ ἄλλων παμπόλλων θεῶν καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν Ἀλεξάνδρου, ὃς ἐφ᾽ ἅρματος ἐλεφάντων ἀληθινῶν ἐφέρετο χρυσοῦς, Νίκην καὶ Ἀθηνᾶν ἐξ ἑκατέρου μέρους ἔχων. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ θρόνοι πολλοὶ ἐξ ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ
[b] κατεσκευασμένοι· ὧν ἐφ᾽ ἑνὸς μὲν ἔκειτο στεφάνη χρυσῆ, ἐπ᾽ ἄλλου δὲ κέρας χρυσοῦν, ἐπ᾽ ἄλλου δὲ ἦν στέφανος χρυσοῦς, καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἄλλου δὲ κέρας ὁλόχρυσον. ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Σωτῆρος θρόνον στέφανος ἐπέκειτο ἐκ μυρίων κατεσκευασμένος χρυσῶν. ἐπόμπευσε δὲ καὶ θυμιατήρια χρυσᾶ τριακόσια καὶ πεντήκοντα, καὶ βωμοὶ δὲ ἐπίχρυσοι ἐστεφανωμένοι χρυσοῖς στεφάνοις· ὧν ἑνὶ παρεπεπήγεσαν δᾷδες χρυσοῖ δεκαπήχεις τέσσαρες. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ ἐσχάραι ἐπίχρυσοι β᾽, ὧν ἡ μὲν δωδεκάπηχυς τῇ περιμέτρῳ, τεσσαρακοντάπηχυς ὕψει, ἡ δὲ πηχῶν πεντεκαίδεκα.
[c] ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ Δελφικοὶ τρίποδες χρυσοῖ ἐννέα ἐκ πηχῶν τεσσάρων, ἄλλοι ὀκτὼ πηχῶν ἕξ, ἄλλος πηχῶν τριάκοντα, ἐφ᾽ οὗ ἦν ζῷα χρυσᾶ πενταπήχη καὶ στέφανος κύκλῳ χρυσοῦς ἀμπέλινος. παρῆλθαν δὲ καὶ φοίνικες ἐπίχρυσοι ὀκταπήχεις ἑπτὰ καὶ κηρύκειον ἐπίχρυσον πηχῶν τεσσαράκοντα πέντε καὶ κεραυνὸς ἐπίχρυσος πηχῶν τεσσαράκοντα ναός τε ἐπίχρυσος, οὗ ἡ περίμετρος πηχῶν μ᾽· δίκερας πρὸς τούτοις ὀκτάπηχυ. πολὺ δὲ καὶ ζῴων πλῆθος ἐπιχρύσων συνεπόμπευεν, ὧν ἦν τὰ
[d] πολλὰ δωδεκαπήχη· καὶ θηρία ὑπεράγοντα τοῖς μεγέθεσι καὶ ἀετοὶ πηχῶν εἴκοσι. στέφανοί τε χρυσοῖ ἐπόμπευσαν τρισχίλιοι διακόσιοι, ἕτερός τε μυστικὸς χρυσοῦς λίθοις πολυτελέσι κεκοσμημένος ὀγδοηκοντάπηχυς· οὗτος δὲ περιετίθετο τῷ τοῦ Βερενικείου θυρώματι· αἰγίς τε ὁμοίως χρυσῆ. ἐπόμπευσαν δὲ καὶ στεφάναι χρυσοῖ πάνυ πολλαί, ἃς ἔφερον παιδίσκαι πολυτελῶς κεκοσμημέναι· ὧν μία δίπηχυς εἰς ὕψος, τὴν δὲ περίμετρον ἔχουσα ἑκκαίδεκα πηχῶν. ἐπόμπευσε δὲ καὶ θώραξ
[e] χρυσοῦς πηχῶν δώδεκα καὶ ἕτερος ἀργυροῦς πηχῶν ιη᾽, ἔχων ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ κεραυνοὺς χρυσοῦς δεκαπήχεις δύο καὶ στέφανον δρυὸς διάλιθον. ἀσπίδες χρυσοῖ εἴκοσι, πανοπλίαι χρυσοῖ ξδ᾽, κνημῖδες χρυσοῖ τριπήχεις β᾽, λεκάναι χρυσοῖ δεκαδύο, φιάλαι πολλαὶ πάνυ τὸν ἀριθμόν, οἰνοχόαι τριάκοντα, ἐξάλειπτρα μεγάλα δέκα, ὑδρίαι δεκαδύο, μαζονόμια πεντήκοντα, τράπεζαι διάφοροι, κυλικεῖα
[f] χρυσωμάτων πέντε, κέρας ὁλόχρυσον πηχῶν λ᾽. ταῦτα δὲ τὰ χρυσώματα ἐκτὸς ἦν τῶν ἐν τῇ τοῦ Διονύσου πομπῇ διενεχθέντων. εἶτ᾽ ἀργυρωμάτων ἅμαξαι τετρακόσιοι καὶ χρυσωμάτων εἴκοσι, ἀρωμάτων δὲ ὀκτακόσιαι. ἐπὶ δὲ πᾶσιν ἐπόμπευσαν αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ ἱππικοὶ καὶ πεζικαί, πᾶσαι καθωπλισμέναι θαυμασίως. πεζοὶ μὲν εἰς πέντε

[203]
[a] μυριάδας καὶ ἑπτακισχιλίους καὶ ἑξακοσίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ δισμύριοι τρισχίλιοι διακόσιοι. πάντες δ᾽ οὗτοι ἐπόμπευσαν τὴν ἁρμόζουσαν ἑκάστῳ ἠμφιεσμένοι στολὴν καὶ τὰς προσηκούσας ἔχοντες πανοπλίας. ἐκτὸς δ᾽ ὧν πάντες οὗτοι εἶχον πανοπλιῶν καὶ ἄλλαι πλεῖστοι ἦσαν ἀποκείμενοι, ὧν οὐδὲ τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀναγράψαι ῥᾴδιον.” κατέλεξε δ᾽ αὐτὸν ὁ Καλλίξεινος. “ἐστεφανώθησαν δ᾽ ἐν τῷ ἀγῶνι καὶ στεφάνοις χρυσοῖς εἰκόσι· Πτολεμαῖος δὲ ὁ πρῶτος καὶ Βερενίκη εἰκόσι τρισὶν ἐφ᾽ ἁρμάτων χρυσῶν καὶ τεμένεσιν ἐν Δωδώνῃ. καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ δαπάνημα τοῦ νομί-
[b] σματος τάλαντα δισχίλια διακόσια τριάκοντα ἐννέα, μναῖ πεντήκοντα· καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἠριθμήθη πάντα τοῖς οἰκονόμοις διὰ τὴν τῶν στεφανούντων προθυμίαν πρὸ τοῦ τὰς θέας παρελθεῖν. ὁ δὲ Φιλάδελφος Πτολεμαῖος υἱὸς αὐτῶν εἰκόσι χρυσαῖς δυσὶ μὲν ἐφ᾽ ἁρμάτων χρυσῶν, ἐπὶ δὲ κιόνων ἑξαπήχει μιᾷ, πενταπήχεσι πέντε, τετραπήχεσι ἕξ.”
Ποία, ἄνδρες δαιτυμόνες, βασιλεία οὕτως γέγονε πολύχρυσος; οὐ γὰρ τὰ ἐκ Περσῶν καὶ
[c] Βαβυλῶνος λαβοῦσα χρήματα ἢ μέταλλα ἐργασαμένη ἢ Πακτωλὸν ἔχουσα χρυσοῦ ψῆγμα καταφέροντα. μόνος γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς ὁ χρυσορόας καλούμενος Νεῖλος μετὰ τροφῶν ἀφθόνων καὶ χρυσὸν ἀκίβδηλον καταφέρει ἀκινδύνως γεωργούμενον, ὡς πᾶσιν ἐξαρκεῖν ἀνθρώποις, δίκην Τριπτολέμου πεμπόμενον εἰς πᾶσαν γῆν. διόπερ αὐτὸν καὶ ὁ Βυζάντιος ποιητὴς Παρμένων ἐπικαλούμενος “Αἰγύπτιε Ζεῦ, φησί, Νεῖλε.” πολλῶν δὲ ὁ Φιλάδελφος βασιλέων πλούτῳ διέφερε καὶ περὶ πάντα ἐσπουδάκει τὰ κατασκευάσματα φιλοτίμως,

TRANSLATION
Rice 1983, 9-25 (197C-203B).

Since we have considered the subject of the pavilion in detail, we will also describe the Grand Procession. It was led through the city stadium. First of all marched the sectional procession of the Morning Star, because the Grand Procession began at the time when that aforementioned star appeared. Next came the sectional procession named after the parents of the kings. After these processions came those of all the gods, having the attributes which were appropriate to the traditions of each of them. It happened that the procession of the Evening Star came last of all, since the season brought the time of day to the point when that star appeared. If anyone wishes to know the details of all of these processions, let him take and study the records of the Penteteric festivals.

In the procession of Dionysus, Silenoi were sent forth first to restrain the crowds; some of them wore purple cloaks, others crimson ones. Satyrs followed them, twenty along each part of the stadium, carrying gilded torches of ivy leaves. After them came Nikai with golden wings; they carried thymiateria nine feet tall which were adorned with gilded ivy leaves. The women had on chitons embroidered with figures, and wore much gold jewelry. A double altar nine feet long followed them, thickly covered with gilded ivy foliage and having a golden crown of vine leaves which was entwined with white-striped ribbons. Boys in purple chitons followed it, carrying frankincense and myrrh and also saffron on 120 golden trenchers. After them came forty Satyrs crowned with golden ivy crowns; the bodies of some of them were smeared with purple dye, others with vermilion and other colours. They carried a gold crown made of vine and ivy.

After them came two Silenoi in purple cloaks and white sandals, one of them had a petasos and a golden herald’s staff, and the other a trumpet. Between them walked a taller man, six feet tall, in a tragic costume and mask, who carried the golden horn of Amaltheia. He was called Eniautos. A very beautiful woman of the same height followed him, adorned with much gold jewelry and a magnificent (costume); in one hand she carried a crown of persea, in the other a palm branch. She was called Penteteris. Four Horai followed her, elaborately dressed and each carrying her own fruits. Following them were two golden thymiateria of ivy, nine feet tall, and between them was a square altar of gold. Once again came Satyrs, having golden ivy crowns and dressed in scarlet; some of them carried a golden oinochoe, and others a karchesion. After them marched the poet Philikos, who was the priest of Dionysus, and all the Guild of the Artists of Dionysus. Delphic tripods were carried right after them as prizes for the choregoi of the flautists. The one for the choregos of the boys’ class was 13 1/2 feet tall, and the one for the choregos of the men was 18 feet tall.

After them a four-wheeled cart, 21 feet long by 12 feet wide, was drawn by 180 men. In it was a fifteen-foot statue of Dionysus pouring a libation from a golden karchesion. He wore a purple chiton reaching to his feet and a transparent, saffron-coloured robe on top of that. The statue also wore a purple himation woven with gold. Before the figure lay a golden Laconian krater of fifteen measures, and also a three-legged, golden table on which lay a golden thymiaterion and two gold phialai full of cassia and saffron. The statue was covered by a canopy decorated with ivy, vine, and other fruits, and fastened to it were crowns, fillets, thyrsoi, drums, headbands, and satyric, comic, and tragic masks. There (followed) behind the cart priests, priestesses, many different thiasoi, and female Bassarai, and Lydai, who had hair streaming loose and were crowned, some with snakes, others with smilax, vine, and ivy. Some of them held daggers in their hands, others snakes.

After them a four-wheeled cart was led along by sixty men … 12 feet wide, on which there was a seated statue of Nysa twelve feet tall, wearing a yellow chiton woven with gold thread, and wrapped in a Laconian himation. This statue stood up mechanically without anyone laying a hand on it, and it sat back down again after pouring a libation of milk from a gold phiale. It held in its left hand a thyrsos bound with fillets. The figure was crowned with golden ivy leaves and with grapes made of very precious jewels. The statue had a canopy, and four gilded torches were fastened to the corners of the cart.

Next, another four-wheeled cart, 30 feet long by 24 feet wide, was pulled by 300 men, on which there was set up a wine-press 36 feet long by 22 1/2 feet wide, full of ripe grapes. Sixty Satyrs trampled them as they sang a vintage song to the flute, and a Silenos superintended them. The grape juice flowed through the whole street.

Next there came a four-wheeled cart, 37 1/2 feet long by 21 feet wide, which was pulled by 600 men. On it was an askos made of leopard skins which held 3,000 measures. As the wine was released little by little, it also flowed over the whole street.

One hundred and twenty crowned Satyrs and Silenoi followed it, some carrying oinochoai, others phialai, and others large therikleioi—all of gold. Next a silver krater holding 600 measures was led along on a four-wheeled cart drawn by 600 men. Under the rim and handles and on the foot it had figures of chased metal, and it was wreathed in the middle with a gold crown studded with jewels. Next were carried two silver cup-stands, 18 feet by 9 feet. These had finial ornaments on top, and around their curving sides and on their feet they had figures 2 1/4 and 1 1/2 feet tall, many in number. There were ten large basins and sixteen kraters, of which the larger ones held thirty measures, and the smallest, five measures. Next there Were six cauldrons, twenty-four banotoi, all on stands, and two silver wine-presses on which were twenty-four bikoi, a solid silver table 18 feet long, and thirty others 9 feet long. In addition to these were four threelegged tables, of which one, being plated in silver all over, had a circumference of 24 feet, while the three other smaller ones were encrusted with jewels in the middle. After these were carried Delphic tripods of silver, eighty in number, smaller than those mentioned before, whose angles … of four measures, twenty-six hydriae, sixteen Panathenaic amphorae, and 160 psykters. The largest of these held six measures, and the smallest two. All of these vessels were silver.

Right after these marched those carrying the gold plate, four Laconian kraters with crowns of vine … holding four measures, two others of Corinthian workmanship on stands. (These had figures in the round of beaten metal on their upper part, and on the necks and bellies carefully executed figures in low relief. Each of them held eight measures.) Then there appeared a wine-press, on which were ten bikoi, two bowls each of five measures, two Laconian cups of two measures, twenty-two psykters, of which the largest held thirty measures, and the smallest one measure. Next in the procession were four large three-legged tables of gold, and a golden jewel-encrusted chest for gold objects, 15 feet high, which had six shelves holding carefully made figures four spans high, many in number; two cup-stands, two gilded glass vessels, two golden stands for vessels which were six feet high and three smaller ones, ten hydriai, an altar of 4 1/2 feet, and twenty-five trenchers. After these marched 1,600 boys wearing white chitons, some wreathed in ivy, others with pine; 250 of them had golden choes, 400 had silver choes, and 320 others carried gold psykters, others silver ones.

After these boys, other boys carried jars to be used for sweet wine, of which twenty were gold, fifty were silver, and 300 were decorated with encaustic painting in many colours. And when the liquid was mixed in hydriai and pithoi, all those in the stadium received their due portion of sweet wine.

After these things he told at length of six-foot long tables on which the many tableaux, extravagantly arranged and worthy of view, were led around; among these was the Chamber of Semele, in which some figures wore chitons which were embroidered with gold and set with gems of the highest value.

It would not be right to pass over the four-wheeled cart, 33 feet long by 21 feet wide, drawn by 500 men, on which there was a deep cave profusely shaded with ivy and yew. All along the route there flew out from it pigeons, ring-doves, and turtle-doves whose feet were fastened with ribbons so that they could be easily caught by the spectators. Two springs gushed forth from the cave, one of milk and one of wine. All the Nymphs round about him had golden crowns, and Hermes had a golden herald’s staff, and very rich clothing.

On another four-wheeled cart, which contained the “Return of Dionysus from India”, an 18-foot statue of Dionysus, having a purple cloak and a golden crown of ivy and vine, lay upon an elephant. He held in his hands a golden thyrsos-lance, and his feet were shod with felt slippers embroidered with gold. In front of him on the neck of the elephant there sat a young Satyr seven feet tall, wreathed with a golden crown of pine, signalling with a golden goat-horn in his right hand. The elephant had gold trappings and a golden ivy crown about its neck.

Five hundred little girls followed him, dressed in purple chitons and golden girdles. The first 120 girls were wreathed with golden pine crowns. One hundred and twenty Satyrs followed them, some wearing silver armour, others bronze. After them marched five troops of asses on which rode crowned Silenoi and Satyrs.
Some of the asses had frontlets and harnesses of gold, others of silver. After them marched twenty-four elephant quadrigae, sixty bigae of goats, twelve of saiga antelopes, seven of oryxes, fifteen of hartebeest, eight bigae of ostriches, seven of onelaphoi, four bigae of onagers, and four quadrigae of horses. Little boys were mounted on all of these, wearing the chitons of charioteers and petasoi: beside them were mounted little girls wearing himatia woven with gold, and armed with light shields and thyrsos-lances. The boy chationes were crowned with pine, and the girls with ivy. In addition to these, there were six bigae of camels, three on either side, which were followed by carts drawn by mules. These contained foreign tents under which sat Indian women and others dressed as prisoners. More camels carried 300 minae of frankincense, 300 of myrrh, and 200 of saffron, cassia, cinnamon, orris, and other spices. Ethiopian tribute-bearers followed right after them; some of them carried 600 elephant tusks, others 2,000 logs of ebony, and others sixty kraters full of pieces of gold and silver and gold dust. After them came two kynegoi with gilded hunting spears. Two thousand four hundred dogs were also led along, some Indian, the others Hyrcanian, Molossian, and other breeds. Right after them came 150 men carrying trees from which were suspended different kinds of animals and birds. Then there were borne along in cages parrots, peacocks, guinea fowl, pheasants, and Ethiopian birds, many in number. Telling also of many other things, and enumerating herds of animals, he included, One hundred and thirty Ethiopian, three hundred Arabian, and twenty Euboean sheep, twenty-six all-white Indian cows plus twenty Ethiopian ones, one large white bear, fourteen leopards, sixteen cheetahs, four caracals, three cheetah cubs, one giraffe, and one Ethiopian rhinoceros.

Next in a four-wheeled cart appeared Dionysus, having fled to the Altar of Rhea when he was pursued by Hera; Dionysus had a golden crown, and Priapus stood beside him crowned with a golden ivy crown. The statue of Hera had a golden stephane.

… statues of Alexander and Ptolemy wreathed with ivy crowns of gold. The statue of Arete beside Ptolemy had a golden crown of olive. Priapus, having an ivy crown of gold, was also present with them. The city of Corinth standing of Corinth standing by Ptolemy was crowned with a golden diadem. Adjacent to all these figures were a cup-stand full of gold vessels and a golden krater of five measures. This cart was followed by women wearing very costly himatia and jewelry. They were called by the names of cities of Ionia and the rest of the Greek cities which, situated in Asia and the Islands, had been subdued by the Persians. All wore golden crowns.

There were carried in other carts a golden thyrsus which was 135 feet long, and a ninety-foot long silver spear. In another cart was borne a golden phallos, measuring 180 feet in length, painted all over and bound with golden fillets, having at the end a gold star whose circumference was 9 feet.

Although many and various things have been said about these processions, we have chosen only those things in them which were silver and gold. For there were also many representations worthy of report, and a great number of beasts and horses, and twenty-four extremely large lions. There were also other four-wheeled carts carrying statues not only of kings, but also many of gods. After them a chorus of 600 men marched in procession, among whom were 300 kitharistai playing in concert, who had kitharas gilded all over and gold crowns. After them came 2,000 golden-horned bulls all of the same colour, having golden frontlets and crowns in the middle, and necklaces and aegises on their chests. All of this was of gold.

And after these things came the processions of Zeus and of all the other gods, and after all of them, the procession of Alexander, whose golden statue was borne upon a quadriga of real elephants with Nike and Athena on either side. In the procession were also led along many thrones constructed from ivory and gold; on one of these lay a golden stephané, on another a gold horn, on another a golden crown, and on still another a horn of pure gold. On the throne of Ptolemy Soter lay a crown made from 10,000 pieces of gold. There also appeared in the procession 350 golden thymiateria, and gilded altars crowned with gold crowns. Four torches fifteen feet long were affixed to one of them. In the procession were also two gilded escharai, of which one was 18 feet in circumference, and 60 feet in height, while the other measured 22 1/2 feet. Golden Delphic tripods also appeared in the procession; nine of them were 6 feet tall, eight others 9 feet tall, and one other, 45 feet tall, on which there were golden figures 7 1/2 feet high and a golden vine wreath which encircled it. There passed by seven gilded palm trees 12 feet high, a gilded herald’s staff 67 1/2 feet long, a gilded thunderbolt 60 feet long, and a gilded shrine whose circumference was 60 feet. In addition to all of these was a dikeras 12 feet tall. A very great number of gilded figures appeared in the procession along with everything else, of which many were 18 feet high. There were also beasts of an extraordinary size, and eagles 30 feet high. Golden crowns, numbering 3,200, also appeared in the procession, and one other mystic crown of gold, decorated with very precious jewels and measuring 120 feet. This crown was put around the door of the Berenikeion. There was likewise a golden aegis. Very many golden stephanai also appeared in the procession, which richly dressed little girls carried; one of these was 3 feet tall and had a circumference of 24 feet. Also in the procession was a golden breastplate 18 feet long and another silver one 27 feet long which had on it two golden thunderbolts 15 feet long and an oak crown studded with jewels. There were twenty gold shields, sixty-four golden panoplies, two golden greaves 4 ½ feet in length, twelve golden dishes, a very large number of phialai, thirty oinochoai, ten large unguent-boxes, twelve hydriai, fifty trenchers, various tables, five cup-stands for gold vessels, and a pure gold horn 45 feet long. This gold plate was in addition to that carried in the procession of Dionysus. Then there were 400 cartloads of silver plate, 20 of gold, and 800 of spices.

At the very end, the infantry and cavalry forces marched in procession, all of them fully armed in a marvellous fashion. The foot numbered 57,600, and the horse 23,200. All these marched along dressed in the uniform appropriate to each, and having the proper panoply. Besides the armour worn by all these troops, there were also many other panoplies kept in reserve, whose number is not easy to record, but Kallixeinos gave the full count.

In the competition they were crowned with twenty gold crowns. Ptolemy I and Berenike <were honoured> with three statues in golden chariots and with precincts in Dodona. And the cost in coin was 2,239 talents and 50 minae; all this was counted out by the oikonomoi before the spectacle was over through the eagerness of those giving the crowns. Their son Ptolemy Philadelphus <was honoured> with two golden statues on golden chariots, and with others on columns, one of 9 feet, five of 7 ½, and sex of 6 feet.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Dunand, F. (1981). “Fête et propagande à Alexandrie sous les Lagides”. In: La fête, pratique et discours. D’Alexandrie hellénistique à la mission de Besançon. Besançon: Université de Franche-Comté, 13-40.

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Honorary Decree for Apollonios in Kalindoia

TITLE
Honorary Decree for Apollonios in Kalindoia

DATE
1 CE

TEXT
Edition of Galli and Tozzi, 2016, 247-248 (see also SEG 35, 744).

[1] Ἔτους · η’ · καὶ μ’ · καὶ ρ’·
[2] οἱ πολιτάρχαι προβουλευσα̣-
[3] μένων τῶν βουλευτῶν
[4] καὶ γενομένης ἐκκλησίας εἶ-
[5] παν ἐν τῶι δήμωι· ἐπεὶ Ἀ-
[6] πολλώνιος Ἀπολλωνίου
[7] τοῦ Κερτίμμου γενόμε-
[8] νος ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ πάσης
[9] τειμῆς ἄξιος, ἐπιδεξάμενος
[10] αὐθαίρετον ἱερατήαν Διὸς καὶ Ῥώμης
[11] καὶ Καίσ̣αρος Θεοῦ υἱοῦ Σεβαστοῦ τοσαύτην
[12] εἰσηνέ̣γκατο μεγαλοφροσύνην ἀξίως καὶ τῆς τῶν προ-
[13] γόνων καὶ τῆς ἰδίας ἀρετῆς φιλοδοξήσας, ὥστε μηδε-
[14] μίαν ὑπερβολὴν καταλιπεῖν τῶν εἰς τοὺς θεοὺς καὶ τὴν
[15] πατρίδα δαπανημάτων, τάς τε γὰρ παρ’ὅλον τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν
[16] ἐκ τῆς πόλεως κατὰ μῆνα γεινομένας Διὶ καὶ Καίσαρι Σεβα-
[17] στῶι θυσίας ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου παριστὰς καὶ τοῖς θεοῖς τὰς
[18] τειμὰς πολυτελεῖς προσηνέγκατο καὶ τοῖς πολείταις τὴν
[19] ἑστίασιν καὶ εὐωχίαν μεγαλομερῆ παρέσχετο καὶ λαϊׅ-
[20] κῶς πανδημεὶ δειπνίζων καὶ κατὰ τρίκλεινον καὶ τ̣[ήν]
[21] ἐπὶ τῆς πανηγύρεως πομπὴν ποικίλην καὶ ἀξιοθ̣[έατον]
[22] σκευάσας καὶ τοὺς ἀγῶνας Διὶ καὶ Καίσαρ[ι τῶ]ι Σεβ[αστῶι]
[23] πολυτελεῖς θέμενος καὶ ἀξίους [τῶν θεῶν καὶ τῆς πατρίδος]
[24] οὐ μόνον πρὸς τὴν τῆς ε̣ὐ̣ω̣χ̣ί̣α̣ς [φρ]ονῶν [χρείαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ]
[25] τὴν θέαν καὶ τὴν ἀπά[τη]ν [καὶ τὴν διά]χυσιν τῆς ψ[υχἠς]
[26] ἐφιλανθρώπησεν τοὺς πολείτας τάς τε ἐκ τῆς π[όλε]-
[27] ως ἐν τῆι πανηγύρει δημοτελεῖς γεινομένας θυσίας Διὶ
[28] καὶ Καίσαρι τῶι Σεβαστῶι καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς εὐεργέταις παραι-
[29] τησάμενος τὴν πατρίδα ταῖς ἰδίαις δαπάναις παρέστη-
[30] σεν καὶ βουθυτήσας καὶ ἰδίᾳ καθ’ ἕκαστον τῶν πολειτῶν
[31] τὴν πᾶσαν ἑορτὴν εὐώχησε̣ν ἐν τοῖς τρικλείνοις καὶ
[32] κατὰ τὸ κοινὸν ταῖς φυλαῖς ἐπιδόσεις ἐποιήσατο λαμ-
[33] προτάτας, ἵνα, ὅποι ποτ’ ἂν ἥδεσθαι βούλωνται, τὴν αὐ-
[34] τοῦ χάριν ἑστιῶνται, τὸ δὲ παράπαν πάσης δαπάνης
[35] ἀφειδήσας καὶ Καίσαρος ἄγαλμα κατεσκεύασεν ἐκ τοῦ
[36] ἰδίου καὶ ἀναθεὶς αἰώνιον ὑπόμνημα τῆς εἰς πάν-
[37] τας ἀνθρώπους εὐεργε̣σίας τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ καὶ
[38] τῆι πατρίδι τὸ προσκόσμημα καὶ τῶι θεῶι τὴν
[39] καθήκουσαν τειμὴν καὶ χάριν ἔνειμεν. δι’ ἃ δεδό-
[40] χθαι τῆι βουλῆι καὶ τῶι δήμωι ἐπαινέσαι τε αὐ-
[41] τὸν ἐπὶ τῆ<ι> λανπρότητι τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ τῆς εἰς
[42] τὴν πατρίδα φιλοδοξίας καὶ στεφανῶσαι θαλλοῦ στε-
[43] φάνωι καὶ ἐψηφίσθαι αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἀπολλω-
[44] νίου καὶ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Στραττοῦς ἑκάστου ἄγαλμα λίθινον,
[45] σταθῆναι δὲ τὰ ἀγά̣λ̣ματα καὶ τὸ ψήφισμα τοῦτο ἐν ᾧ ἂν αὐτὸς ὁ ἀγω-
[46] νοθέτης ἐπισημοτάτῳ τῆς ἀγορᾶς αἱρῆται τόπωι, ἵνα καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν πο-
[47] λειτῶν ἀποθεωροῦντες εἰς τὴν εὐχαριστίαν τῆς πόλεως πρόθυμοι γεί-
[48] νωνται φιλοδοξεῖν καὶ τῆι πατρίδι προσφέρεσθαι φιλανθρώπως· καὶ ἐπι-
[49] χειροτονηθέντος τοῦ ψηφίσματος Ἀπολλώνιος τὰς μὲν τειμὰς
[50] καὶ τὴν ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος χάριν ἐδέξατο, τοῦ [δ]ὲ δαπανήματος ἀπέλυ-
[51] σεν τὴν πόλιν. vac. ἐπεχειροτονήθη Δαι[σί]ου vac. ιδ’

TRANSLATION
Millar 2006, 126-127.

Year 148 [of the provincial era of Macedonia, A.D. 1].

The city magistrates [politarchai], after a preliminary resolution by the members of the council [bouleutai], and an assembly of the people [ekklēsia] being held, declared before the people [dēmos]:

Since Apollonios son of Apollonios son of Kertimos, being a good man and deserving of every honour, having accepted spontaneously the priesthood of Zeus and Rōmē and Caesar Augustus divi filius (son of the deified [Iulius]), has exhibited so much nobility, living up to the high reputation of his ancestors and of his own virtue, as to omit no excess of expenditure on the gods and his native city, providing from his own resources throughout the year the sacrifices offered monthly by the city to Zeus and Caesar Augustus; and has also offered all manner of honours to the gods, and provided for the citizens feasting and lavish entertainment, similarly dining the whole populace, both en masse and by triklinia (separate dining groups), and organising the procession at the festival so as to be varied and striking, and putting on the contests in honour of Zeus and Caesar Augustus in elaborate and worthy style… has shown his generosity to his fellow citizens by asking from the city leave to take over the public sacrifices offered during the festival to Zeus, Caesar Augustus, and the other benefactors, and has provided them at his own expense; and having sacrificed oxen has entertained each of the citizens throughout the whole festival, by triklinia and on a mass basis, and made the most lavish distributions to the tribes, so that, wherever they wished to take their pleasure, they did so by his grace. Not only has he spared no expense, but he has had a statue of Caesar made at his own cost, and has offered it as a permanent memorial of the beneficence of Augustus to all mankind; he has thus provided an additional ornament for his native city, and for the god the appropriate honour and favour.

For these reasons it seems appropriate to the council and people to praise him for the enlightenment of his spirit and of his generosity towards his native city, to crown him with a wreath and to vote a stone (marble?) image of himself, of his father Apollonios and his mother Stratto; to set up the statues and the decree in whatever place in the agora the agōnothetēs [Apollonios] chooses, in order that other citizens might be rendered eager to seek honour and to contribute generously to their native city.

When the decree was voted (by the assembly), Apollonios accepted the honour and the gratitude of his homeland, but relieved the city of the expense.

It was voted on the 14^th of Daisios.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chaniotis, A. (2004). “Das Bankett des Damas und der Hymnos des Sosandros: Öffentlicher Diskurs über Rituale in den griechischen Städten der Kaiserzeit”. In: D. Harth and G. J. Schenk, eds., Ritualdynamik. Kulturübergreifende Studien zur Theorie und Geschichte rituellen Handelns. Heidelberg: Synchron, 291-304.

Galli, M. and Tozzi, G. (2016). “Le prime manifestazioni del culto di Augusto nell’Oriente greco. Il caso di Kalindoia”. In: I. Baglioni, ed., Saeculum Aureum. Tradizione e innovazione nella religione romana di epoca augustea. Roma: Quasar, 239-259.

Hatzopoulos, M. B. and Loukopoulou, L. D. (1992). Recherches sur les marches orientales des Temenides; Anthemonte-Kalindoia. Vol. 1. Athenes: De Boccard, 77-80, K2.

Millar, F. (1993). “The greek city in the Roman period”. In: M. H. Hansen, ed., The Ancient Greek City-State: Symposium on the Occasion of the 250^th Anniversary of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, July, 1-4 1992. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 232-260.

Millar, F. (2006). “The Greek City in the Roman Period”. In: H. M. Cotton and G. M. Rogers, eds., Rome, the Greek World, and the East. Vol. 3: The Greek World, the Jews, and the East. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 125-127.

Sismanides, K. L. (1983). “Τιμητικὸ ψήφισμα ἀπὸ τὸ Καλαμωτὸ Λαγκαδᾶ”. Archaiologike ephemeris 122: 75-84.

Touchais, G. (1985). “Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques en Grèce en 1984”. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 109(2):816-817.

Trilingual decree of the priests gathered in Canopus in honour of Ptolemy III Euergetes and Berenice (1st version)

TITLE:

Trilingual decree of the priests gathered in Canopus in honour of Ptolemy III Euergetes and Berenice (1^st version)

DATE:

March 7^th, 238 BC

ACTUAL LOCATION:

The Cairo Museum (place of discovery: Memphis, Egypt)

LINK:

(1)

TEXT:

BAGNALL, R. S.; P. Derow (1981): Greek historical documents: the Hellenistic period, Chico, pp. 222-226

DITTENBERG, W. (1903): Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae. Vol. 1, Leipzig, pp. 91-110

KAMAL A. BEN (1904): Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire : Stèles ptolémaïques et romaines, nos. 22001-22208, El Cairo, pp. 59-61

MICHEL, Ch. (1900): Recueil d’inscriptions grecques, Bruxelles, pp. 415-420

MILNE, J. G. (1905): Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire: Greek inscriptions, Oxford, pp. 1-5

PREISIGKE, F.; F. BILABEL; E. KIESSLING; H.-A. RUPPRECHT (1950): Sammelbuch Griechischer Urkunden aus Ägypten, Band 5, Nr. 7515-8963, Heidelberg, n. 8858

STRACK, M. L. (1897): Die Dynastie der Ptolemäer, Berlin, pp. 227-232

VANDONI, M. (1964): Feste pubbliche e private nei documenti greci, Milano, 1964, pp. 7-14

EDITIONS/TRANSLATIONS:

MILLER, E. (1902): Découvert d’un novel exemplaire du décret de Canope, Journal de Savants, pp.214-222.

BERNAND, A. (1992): La prose sur pierre dans l’Égypte hellénistique et romaine, I. textes et traductions, Paris, pp. 23-27

KEYWORDS:

Word used to mean procession:

περίπλους (ll. 47-48)

Word used to mean the cult images:

ἄγαλμα (l. 49)

Gods or other entities named:

Berenice (l. 47)

Description of the cult images:

The statue is made of gold and adorned with stones (l. 49); with a different tiara from the one on the statue of Berenice’s mother (ll. 51-52); with a scepter in the shape of papyrus (ll. 52-53)

Procession’s route:

Frequency with which the procession takes place:

To all the ἐξοδείαι and πανηγύρεις of the other gods (ll. 50-51)

Performers:

ὁ προφήτης (l. 50), the priests in charge of dressing the statues (οἱ ἱερεῖς πρὸς τὸν στολισμὸν τῶν θεῶν l. 50)

References to the public attending the procession:

Rites related to the procession:

Allusions to conduct or forms of reverence:

The statue is to be honored (τιμᾶται) and worshipped προσκυνῆται) by all under the name of Queen Berenice (l. 51)

Other remarkable elements:

the priests carry the statue in their arms (l. 50)

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

LEGRAS, B. (2004): “La réforme du calendrier sous Ptolémée III: l’avènement d’un « âge d’or » ?”. In: C.
Auliard, L. Bodiou (eds.), Au jardin des Hespérides: histoire, société et épigraphie des mondes anciens : mélanges offerts à Alain Tranoy, Rennes, pp. 191-206

PFEIFFER, S. (2004): Das Dekret von Kanopos (238 v. CHR), München

Lysimachus’ pompe in Priene

TITLE:

Lysimachus’ pompe in Priene

DATE:

c. 285 BC

TEXT:

OGIS 11 = I.Priene 14

EDITIONS/TRANSLATIONS:

OGIS 11 = I.Priene 14

KEYWORDS:

Word used to mean procession:

πομπή (l. 21, καὶ πομπ̣ὴ[ν π]έμπε[ιν)

Word used to mean the cult images:

ἄγαλμα (l. 15, καὶ] ἄγαλμα χαλκοῦν)
βωμὸν (l. 17)

Gods or other entities named:

Description of the cult images:

A bronze statue of him (l. 15, ἄγαλμα χαλκοῦν)

An altar both erected in the agora (l. 17, καὶ βωμὸν αὐ[τοῦ ἐν τῆι ἀγορᾶι)

A [gold] crown of 1000 staters (l. 14-15, στεφά[ν]ωι [χρυσῶι] ἀπὸ χρυσῶν χιλίων)

Procession’s route:

Frequency with which the procession takes place:

Every year sacrifices on the king’s altar (l. 19, καθ’ ἕκασ]τον ἐνιαυτὸν) as well as every year took place the procession on the day of the king’s birthday (l. 22-23, τοῖς γενεθλίοις βασιλέως Λυσιμάχου)

Performers:

The priests and the colleges of magistrates and all the citizens (l. 21-22, πομπ̣ὴ[ν π]έμπε[ιν το]ύς τε ἱερεῖς καὶ τὰς συναρχ[ίας] καὶ τοὺς πολίτας πά̣[ντας)

References to the public attending the procession:

All the citizens wearing garlands (l. 20, στεφαν̣ηφορεῖν [τ]ο̣[ὺ]ς̣ πολ̣ί[τ]α̣ς ἅπαν[τας])

Rites related to the procession:

The priests and the priestesses of the city shall sacrifice on the altar every year (l. 18-20, καὶ θύειν καθ’ ἕκασ]τον ἐνιαυτὸν [τούς τε ἱερεῖς καὶ τὰς ἱερείας τὰς κατὰ] τὴμ πόλιν); sacrifices on the day of the procession (l. 24, θύματα)

Allusions to conduct or forms of reverence:

Other remarkable elements:

Lysimachos (l. 1, Βασιλεῖ [Λυσιμάχωι.], c. 360 BC – 281 BC), king of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedon since 306 BC, had intervened to protect the city of Priene from an attack by the city of Magnesia supported by the local population; in return, Priene then established a cult of Lysimachos

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

BÖMMER (1952), RE: s.v. Pompa. Herrscher, Vol. XXI.2, p. 1968, n.297

Helen, S. L. (2002): Lysimachus: a study in early Hellenistic kingship, Routledge, London

Seres, D. (2017): “Dynamics of public memory in Hellenistic Priene: a case study”. In: Bajnok, Dániel (ed.), ALIA MISCELLANEA ANTIQUITATUM. Proceedings of the Second Croatian–Hungarian PhD Conference on Ancient History and Archaeology. Budapest-Debrecen, pp. 189–200

Imperial statues and busts in the pompai of great individuals in Arsinoe

TITLE:

Imperial statues and busts in the pompai of great individuals in Arsinoe

DATE:

215 AD

TEXT:

BGU 2 no. 362
Images

EDITIONS/TRANSLATIONS:

KEYWORDS:

Word used to mean procession:

πομπή (fr.1 l. 21, καταπομπῆς)

Word used to mean the cult images:

ἄγαλμα (l.1 [ἀγαλμάτων καὶ] ἀσπιδ[είων καὶ ἀνδριάντων]; l. 24-25, ἀνδρι[άντων καὶ ἀγαλμάτων πάντ(ων) [(δραχμαὶ) ] ̣ ̣])

Gods or other entities named:

Description of the cult images:

Procession’s route:

Frequency with which the procession takes place:

Performers:

References to the public attending the procession:

Rites related to the procession:

Allusions to conduct or forms of reverence:

Other remarkable elements:

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

WILCKEN, U. (1885): “Arsinoitische Tempelrechnungen aus dem J. 215 n.Chr.”, Hermes 20, pp. 420-476 = BGU 2 no. 362

Trilingual decree of the priests gathered in Canopus in honour of Ptolemy III Euergetes and Berenice (2nd version)

TITLE:

Trilingual decree of the priests gathered in Canopus in honour of Ptolemy III Euergetes and Berenice (2^nd version)

DATE:

March 7^th, 238 BC

ACTUAL LOCATION:

The Cairo Museum (place of discovery: Memphis, Egypt)

LINK:

(1)

TEXT:

BERNARD, A. (1992) : La prose sur pierre dans l’Égypte hellénistique et romaine, I. textes et traductions, Paris, pp. 29-35

DITTENBERG, W. (1903): Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae, Vol. 1, Leipzig, pp. 91-110

HEINEN, H. (2006): “Hunger, Not und Macht: Bemerkungen zur herrschenden Gesellschaft im ptolemäischen Ägypten”, Ancient Society 36, pp. 15-16 (partial edition)

HICKS, E. L. (1882): Greek Historical Inscriptions,Oxford, pp. 310-311 (partial edition)

LAUTH, Fr. J. (1866): “Entdeckung eines bilinguen Dekretes durch Lepsius”, ZÄS 4, pp. 33-34 (partial edition)

MAHAFFY, J. P. (1895): The Empire of the Ptolemies, London,pp. 226-239

MILNE, J. G. (1905): Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du
Musée du Caire : Greek inscriptions, Oxford, pp. 5-8

PREISIGKE, F.; F. BILABEL; E. KIESSLING; H.-A. RUPPRECHT (1950): Sammelbuch Griechischer Urkunden aus Ägypten, Band 5, Nr. 7515-8963, Heidelberg, n. 8859

REINISCH, S. L.; E. R. Roesler (1866): Die Zweisprachige Inschrift von Tanis, Wien, pp. 27-53

WERSCHER, C. (1866): “Texte grec de l’inscription de Tanis”, Revue Archéologique 14,pp. 52-55 (partial edition)

EDITIONS/TRANSLATIONS:

REINISCH, S. L.; E. R. Roesler (1866): Die Zweisprachige Inschrift von Tanis, Wien, pp. 27-53 (in German)

PIERRET, P. (1881): Le décret trilingue de Canope, Paris, pp. IX-XVI
Wescher, C. (1866): “Texte grec de l’inscription de Tanis”, Revue Archéologique 14,pp. 52-55 (partial translation)

BERNARD, A. (1992): La prose sur pierre dans l’Égypte hellénistique et romaine, I. textes et traductions, Paris, pp. 28-34 (translation in French)

BRODERSEN, K.; W. Günther; H. H. Schmitt (1999): Historische griechische Inschriften in Übersetzung. III, Der griechische Osetn und Rom (250-1 v.Chr.), Darmstadt, pp. 14-19 (translation in German)

PFEIFFER, S. (2004): Das Dekret von Kanopos (238 v. CHR), München, pp. 61-65 (translation in German)

HEINEN, H. (2006): “Hunger Not und Macht: Bemerkungen zur herrschenden Gesellschaft im ptolemäischen Ägypten”, Ancient Society 36, pp. 16-17 (partial translation in German)

KEYWORDS:

Word used to mean procession:

περίπλους (ll. 56-57)

Word used to mean the cult images:

ἄγαλμα (l. 59)

Gods or other entities named:

Berenice (l. 57)

Description of the cult images:

The statue is made of gold and adorned with stones (l. 59); with a different tiara from the one on the statue of Berenice’s mother (ll. 61-62); with a scepter in the shape of papyrus (ll. 62-63)

Procession’s route:

To all the ἐξοδείαι and πανηγύρεις of the other gods (l. 60)

Frequency with which the procession takes place:

Performers:

ὁ προφήτης (l. 59)

The priests in charge of dressing the statues (οἱ ἱερεῖς πρὸς τὸν στολισμὸν τῶν θεῶν ll. 59-60)

References to the public attending the procession:

Rites related to the procession:

Allusions to conduct or forms of reverence:

The statue is to be honored (τιμᾶται) and worshipped προσκυνῆται) by all under the name of Queen Berenice (l. 61)

Other remarkable elements:

The priests carry the statue in their arms (l. 60)

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

HEINEN, H. (2006): “Hunger Not und Macht: Bemerkungen zur herrschenden Gesellschaft im ptolemäischen Ägypten”, Ancient Society 36, pp. 13-44

LEGRAS, B. (2004): “La réforme du calendrier sous Ptolémée III: l’avènement d’un « âge d’or » ?”. In: C. Auliard, L. Bodiou, Au jardin des Hespérides: histoire, société et épigraphie des mondes anciens: mélanges offerts à Alain Tranoy, Rennes, pp. 191-206

PFEIFFER, S. (2004): Das Dekret von Kanopos (238 v. CHR), München

REINISCH, S. L.; E. R. Roesler (1866): Die Zweisprachige Inschrift von Tanis, Wien, pp. 11-25

Diodorus Pasparus’ pompe in Pergamon

TITLE:

Diodorus Pasparus’ pompe in Pergamon

DATE:

c. 69 BC

TEXT:

OGIS 764 = MDAI(A) 32 (1907) 243, 4

EDITIONS/TRANSLATIONS:

OGIS 764 = MDAIA[A] 32.4, MDAIA[A] 35.2, IvP 2.256, MDAIA[A] 29.1, MDAIA[A] 32.8

CANALI DE ROSSI, F. (2006): Iscrizioni storiche ellenistiche. Decreti per ambasciatori greci al Senato (Vol. 3) nos. 190 & 191 (Italian)

KEYWORDS:

Word used to mean procession:

πομπή (l. 43, στ̣[αλῆν]αι πομπὴν; l. 43, πομπευόντων, vb. πομπεύω)
συμπομπεύω (l. 45, συμπομπευόν[των)

Word used to mean the cult images:

ἄγαλμα (l. 26, ἀγάλματι; l. 32-33, τὸ ἄγαλμα σ[τή][λ]ην λίθου λευκοῦ; l. 42, εἰς ὃν ἀνατεθῆναι τὸ ἄγαλμα)
εἰκόν (l. τῶν εἰκόνων ἢ τὸ ἄγαλμα, “the statues he wishes – or the marble statue”)

Gods or other entities named:

Zeus the Greatest (l. 30, Διὸς τοῦ μεγίσ[του])

Description of the cult images:

It was resolved by the decree to crown him with a golden crown for valour and with a gilded statue and two statues on horseback and another colossal statue of bronze, representing him being crowned by the people, and another statue of marble, all of them set up in the city temples (l. 24-26, καὶ στεφανῶσαι αὐτὸν χρυσῶι στεφάν[ωι ἀριστείωι καὶ ἰκόνι χρυσῆι καὶ ἄλληι ἐφίππωι καὶ ἄλλῃ χαλκῆι κολοσσικῆι στεφανου[μένηι ὑπὸ] τοῦ δήμου καὶ ἄλληι ἐφίππωι καὶ ἀγάλματι μαρμαρίνωι)

The gilded statues were placed on marble pillars, and the bronze statues likewise on marble bases, and the marble statue in the shrine which was also constructed, with an inscription and the decree itself as well (l. 27-29, τῶν μὲν χρ[υσῶν ἐπὶ στυ]λίδων μαρμαρίνων, τῶν δὲ χαλκῶν ἐπὶ βημάτων ὁμοίως μαρμαρίνων, τοῦ δὲ ἀ[γάλ]ματος ἐν τῷ κατασκευασθησομένωι ναῶι, γενομένης ἑπιγραφῆς)

Procession’s route:

From the prytaneion to his shrine / sacred precinct (temenos) (l. 43, ἐκ τοῦ πρυτανείου εἰς τὸ τέμενος αὐτοῦ)

Frequency with which the procession takes place:

Every year (l. 49, καθ’ ἕκασ]τ̣ον ἐνιαυτὸν ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ ἡμέραι) on the day when the shrine was dedicated (l. 42-43, ἐν ᾗ δ’ ἄν ἡμέραι γίνηται ἡ καθιέρ[ωσις] αὐτοῦ στ̣[αλῆν]αι)

Performers:

Diodorus and his children were followed by the prytaneis and the priests [a priest of himself, i.e. Diodorus (l. 38, αὐτοῦ καὶ ἱερέα)]

The gymnasiarch with the deputy gymnasiarch and the ephebes and the paidonomoi (i.e. officials in Greek cities, responsible for the training of boys who were younger than ephebes) with the boys (l. 43-46, πομπευόντων [τοῦ τε]πρυτάν[εως καὶ] τ̣ῶ̣[ν ἱ]ε̣ρέων καὶ βασιλέων καὶ τοῦ γυμνασιάρχου μετὰ τοῦ ὑπο[γυμνασι] [άρχου καὶ τῶν ἐφήβων] καὶ τῶν παιδονόμων μετὰ τῶν παίδων, συμπομπευόν[των δὲ καὶ] [Διοδώρου μετὰ τ]ῶ̣ν παίδων)

References to the public attending the procession:

Rites related to the procession:

Allusions to conduct or forms of reverence:

Other remarkable elements:

These inscriptions record exceptional ‘god-like’ honours voted to a citizen of Pergamon called Diodorus Pasparus, who was gymnasiarch at Pergamum during the 29^th Nikephoria in 69 BC. And led a successful embassy to Rome which was honoured every eighth day of the month of Apollonios (l. 36, τὴν ὀγδόην τοῦ Ἀπολλωνίου μηνὸς), when Diodorus entered the city after the diplomatic mission. Diodorus was also honoured with a white marble shrine (l. 42, ναὸν λίθ̣[ου] λευκοῦ)

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

BÖMMER (1952), RE: s.v. Pompa. Herrscher, Vol. XXI.2, p. 1967, n.287

BRENNAN, T. C. (2009): “Embassies gone wrong: roan diplomacy in the Constantinian Excerpta de legationibus”. In: “Diplomats and diplomacy in the Roman world”, Brill, Leiden / Boston, pp.171-174

CHANIOTIS, A., PLEKET, H.W., STROUD, R.S. and STRUBBE, J.H.M., “SEG 49-1770. Pergamon. The chronology of Diodoros Pasparos and the Nikephoria.”, in: Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Current editors: A. T. E. N. Chaniotis Corsten Stavrianopolou Papazarkadas. Consulted online on 11 November 2021

CHANKOWSKI, A. S. (1998): “La procédure législative à Pergame au Ier siècle au J.-C.: à propos de la chronologie relative des décrets en l’honneur de Diodoros Pasparos”, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 122.1, pp. 159-199

COUILLOUD-LE DINAHET, M.Th. (2005): “Les rituels funéraires en Asie Mineure et en Syrie à l’époque hellénistique (jusqu’au milieu du Ier siècle av. J.-C.)”. In: L’Orient méditerranéen de la mort d’Alexandre aux campagnes de Pompée. Cités et royaumes à l’époque hellénistique, Rennes, PUR, pp. 65-95

GENOVESE, C. (2011): “’Per eterna memoria e immortalità di un benefattore’. L’”Heroon” di Diodoro Pasparo a Pergamo”, in L. Campagna, C. Genovese, A. Filippini, L’evergetismo in Asia Minore (II sec. a.C. – III sec. d.C.). Modelli culturali, monumenti, risorse, dinamiche sociali, in Mediterraneo Antico 14, pp. 57-74

JONES, Ch. P. (1990): “Diodoros Pasparos revisited” Chiron 30, pp. 1-14

JONES, Ch. P. (1974): “Diodoros Pasparos and the Nikephoria of Pergamon”, Chiron 4, pp. 183-205

KOHL, M. (2002): “Das Nikephorien von Pergamon”, RA, pp. 227-253

Attalus III’ Pompe in Elaea

TITLE:

Attalus III’ pompe in Elaea

DATE:

138-133 BC

TEXT:

FRÄNKEL, M. (1895): Die Inschriften von Pergamon II, Berlin, num. 246 = OGIS I 332 = IvP I 246

EDITION/TRANSLATION:

CANEVA, S. (2018): “Le retour d’Attale III à Pergame. Un réexamen du décret IvP I 246”, Epigraphica Anatolica 50, pp. 109-123 (French)

FRÄNKEL, M. (1895): Die Inschriften von Pergamon II, Berlin, num. 246 = OGIS I 332 = IvP I 246:

KLAUCK, H.-J. (2000): The religious context of early Christianity. A guide to Graeco-Roman religions, Clark, London / New York, p. 276 (incomplete, English)

JONES, N. F. (1987): Public organization in Ancient Greece: a documentary study, American Philosophical Society, Philadephia, p. 355 (incomplete, English)

OGIS I 332 = IvP I 246

SCHNABEL, E. (2018): Jesus, Paul, and the Early Church: missionary realities in historical view, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, p. 337 (incomplete, English)

KEYWORDS:

Words used to mean procession:

πομπὴν (l. 15, πομπὴν ὡς καλλίστην, a splendid procession)

συμπομπευόντων (l. 16, vb. συμπομπεύω, “accompany in a procession”)

Words used to mean the cult images:

εἰκόνα (l. 9, εἰκόνα χρυσῆν; l. 23-24, ἐ̣[πὶ] δὲ τῆς εἰκόνος; l. 41-42, κ]α̣ὶ πολιτικῶν προσόδων δραχμὰς εἴκοσιν; l. 46, εἰκόνι <χρυσῆι>)

ἄγαλμα (l. 7, καὶ ἄγαλμα πεντάπηχυ τεθωρακισμένον; l. 21, ἐπὶ μὲν τοῦ ἀγάλματος; l. 45-46, καὶ ἀγάλμα̣[τι πενταπήχει)

Gods or other entities named:

Asklepios Soter (l. 8, 13)
Zeus Soter (l. 10, 12),

Description of the cult images:

εἰκόνα χρυσῆν (l. 9, 46), ἀγάλμα̣τι πενταπήχει (l. 7, 46):

Cultic image (ἀγάλμα): five cubits high, showing Attalus III in his armour as he tramples upon the spoils of war, set up in the temple of Asklepios Soter, so that he may be a temple-companion of the god (l. 7-9, καὶ ἄγαλμα πεντάπηχυ τεθωρακισμένον καὶ βεβηκὸς ἐπὶ σκύλων ἐν τῶι ναῶι τοῦ Σωτῆρος Ἀσκληπιοῦ, ἵνα ἦ[ι]σύνναος τῶι θεῶι, στῆσαι δὲ αὐτοῦ)

Statue (εἰκόν): a golden statue of the king on horseback erected on a marble plinth beside the altar of Zeus Soter, the most prominent place in the agora (l. 9-11, εἰκόνα χρυσῆν ἔφιππον ἐπὶ στυλίδος μαρμαρίνης παρὰ τὸν τοῦ Διὸς τ̣οῦ Σωτῆρος βωμόν, ὅπως ὑπάρχηι ἡ εἰκὼν ἐν τῶι ἐπιφανεστάτωι τόπωι τῆς ἀγορᾶς)

There were made also honorific inscriptions:

on the cultic image (ἀγάλματος), the inscription read: “The assembled people honours king Attalos Philometor Euergetes, son of the divine king Eumenes Soter, on account of his skill and bravery in war, because he overcame our enemies” (l. 21-23, γενέσθαι δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφάς, ἐπὶ μὲν τοῦ ἀγάλματος “ὁ δῆμος βασιλέα Ἄτταλον φιλομήτορα καὶ εὐεργέτην θεοῦ βασιλέως Εὐμένου σωτῆρος ἀρετῆ[ς] ἕνεκεν καὶ ἀνδραγαθίας τῆς κατὰ πόλεμον, κρατήσαντα τῶν ὑπεναντίων”);

on the statue (εἰκόνος), the inscription read: “The assembled people [honours] king Attalos Philometor Euergetes, son of the divine king Eumenes Soter, on account of his skill and prudence, so advantageous in matters of state, and because of his generosity to the people” (l. 23-26, ἐ̣[πὶ] δὲ τῆς εἰκόνος “ὁ δῆμος βασιλέα Ἄτταλον φιλομήτορα καὶ εὐεργέτην θεοῦ βασ[ιλέ]ως Εὐμένου σωτῆρος ἀρετῆς ἕνεκεν καὶ φρονήσεως τῆς συναυξούσης τὰ πράγ̣[μα]τα καὶ μεγαλομερείας τῆς εἰς ἑαυτόν”)

Procession’s route:

From the prytaneion to the temple precinct of Asklepios and of the king (l. 15-16, ἐκ τοῦ πρυτανε[ί]ου εἰς τὸ τέμενος τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως)
: each year (l. 14-15, κατ’ ἐνιαυτὸν) on the eighth day of the month, on which he entered Pergamon (l. 13-14, τὴν δὲ ὀγδόην, ἐν ἧι παρεγένετο εἰς Πέργαμον, ἱεράν τε εἶναι ε̣[ἰ]ς ἅπαντα τὸν χρόνον); cf. “une procession annuelle du pryta-née au sanctuaire d’Asklépios, suivie par un banquet des magistrats” (Caneva 2018, p. 111)

Frequency with which the procession takes place

Each year (l. 14-15, κατ’ ἐνιαυτὸν) on the eighth day of the month, on which he entered Pergamon (l. 13-14, τὴν δὲ ὀγδόην, ἐν ἧι παρεγένετο εἰς Πέργαμον, ἱεράν τε εἶναι ε̣[ἰ]ς ἅπαντα τὸν χρόνον); cf. “une procession annuelle du pryta-née au sanctuaire d’Asklépios, suivie par un banquet des magistrats” (Caneva 2018, p. 111)

Performers:

the priest of Asklepios (l. 15, τοῦ ἱερέως τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ) and the customary persons taking part (l. 15, συμπομπευόντων τῶν εἰθισμένων), the archons (l. οἱ ἄρχοντες)

References to the public attending the procession:

Rites related to the procession:

sacrifice (l. 17, θυσίας); when the sacrifice has been offered and has produced good omens, the archons shall gather in the temple (l. 17-18, παρασταθείσης θυσίας καὶ καλλιερηθείσης συναγέσθωσαν ἐν τῶι ἱερῶι οἱ ἄρχοντες)

Allusions to conduct or forms of reverence:

The eighth day of the month, on which he entered Pergamon, is to be sacred for all time (l. 13-14, τὴν δὲ ὀγδόην, ἐν ἧι παρεγένετο εἰς Πέργαμον, ἱεράν τε εἶναι ε̣[ἰ]ς ἅπαντα τὸν χρόνον)

Other remarkable elements:

This inscription, which was found near Elaea, provides vivid evidence of the god-like honours given to some Hellenistic kings during their lifetime including the procession of Attalos III Philometor Euergetes, who bequeathed his state to the Romans in his will. The procession and everything else was paid with the fund of the Asklepieion (l. 19, ἀπὸ τοῦ πόρου τοῦ Ἀσκληπιείου)

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Bömmer (1952), RE: s.v. Pompa. Herrscher, Vol. XXI.2, p. 1965, n.279

CHANIOTIS, A. (2003): “The divinity of Hellenistic rulers”. In: Erskine (ed.), A Companion to the Hellenistic World, Blackwell, Oxford 2003, pp. 431-445

KLAUCK, H.-J. (2000): The religious context of early Christianity. A guide to Graeco-Roman religions, Clark, London / New York, p. 276

JONES, N. F. (1987): Public organization in ancient Greece: A documentary study, American Philosophical Society, Philadephia, p. 355

NOCK, A. D. (1930): “Σύνναος θεός”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 41, p.23

SCHNABEL, E. (2018): Jesus, Paul, and the Early Church: missionary realities in historical view, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, p. 337

Emperors and Kings in procession

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ἄγαλμα

Aleximachus’ pompe in Aigiale

Antiochus IV Epiphanes’ pompe in Daphne

Ptolemy Philadephus’ pompe (cult of Ptolemy I and Berenike)

Honorary Decree for Apollonios in Kalindoia

Trilingual decree of the priests gathered in Canopus in honour of Ptolemy III Euergetes and Berenice (1st version)

Lysimachus’ pompe in Priene

Lysimachus’ pompe in Priene

Imperial statues and busts in the pompai of great individuals in Arsinoe

Imperial statues and busts in the pompai of great individuals in Arsinoe

Trilingual decree of the priests gathered in Canopus in honour of Ptolemy III Euergetes and Berenice (2nd version)

Trilingual decree of the priests gathered in Canopus in honour of Ptolemy III Euergetes and Berenice (2nd version)

Diodorus Pasparus’ pompe in Pergamon

Diodorus Pasparus’ pompe in Pergamon

Attalus III’ Pompe in Elaea

Attalus III’ Pompe in Elaea

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