Midiendo la centralidad de los países y la integración comercial desde una perspectiva de red

Autores/as

  • Wilson Pérez-Oviedo Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales FLACSO-sede Ecuador
  • John Cajas-Guijarro Universidad Central del Ecuador, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (Ecuador) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5753-0315

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46661/revmetodoscuanteconempresa.2791

Palabras clave:

centralidad, mapas de estructura de comercio, heterogeneidad, cohesión, balance de comercio intra-industrial, centrality, trade structure maps, heterogeneity, cohesion, intra-industry trade balance

Resumen

Al revisar los estudios del comercio internacional desde un enfoque de redes, encontramos una falta de contenido económico en los indicadores utilizados. Ante tal carencia, el presente artículo propone una alternativa metodológica para describir al comercio como red, pero enfatizando el sentido económico. Dicha metodología propone: estimar la centralidad de los países en el comercio brindando resultados económicamente interpretables; construir redes y mapas de estructura de comercio como alternativa visual a las redes de comercio convencionales; y estimar indicadores para evaluar la fortaleza de la integración comercial de grupos de países. Al aplicar tal metodología a información de 145 países entre 1992 y 2015, se logra: identificar los posibles países más influyentes en el comercio mundial; identificar potenciales estructuras centro-periféricas regionales; mostrar que la centralidad se distribuye de forma heterogénea, pero siempre concentrándose en pocos países; e identificar grupos de mayor y menor fortaleza en su integración comercial. Todos los resultados parecen describir adecuadamente la complejidad económica del comercio, mostrando que la metodología propuesta sería válida para brindar un sentido económico al comercio internacional visto como red.

 

 

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Publicado

2019-02-06

Cómo citar

Pérez-Oviedo, W., & Cajas-Guijarro, J. (2019). Midiendo la centralidad de los países y la integración comercial desde una perspectiva de red . Revista De Métodos Cuantitativos Para La Economía Y La Empresa, 26, Páginas 146 a 174. https://doi.org/10.46661/revmetodoscuanteconempresa.2791

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