NAME OF DATA SET: Australian Monsoon Directional Index (AMDI) LAST UPDATE: 04/12/2017 ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Gallego D. Garcia-Herrera R., Pena-Ortiz C. and Ribera P. ‘The steady increase of the Australian Summer Monsoon in the last 200 years’. Scientific Reports, 7, Article number: 16166. 2017. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16414-1. PERIOD OF RECORD: 1800-2014 TEMPORAL RESOLUTION: monthly REGION: 98ºE-138ºE, 18ºS-5ºS SOURCE: ICOADS (3.0 release) DESCRIPTION: The Australian Monsoon Directional Index (AMDI) is defined as the percentage of days per month inside the domain [4S- 18S, 98E-138E] with prevailing surface wind blowing from the west, where days with ‘prevailing wind blowing from the west’ are defined as those when at least 53% of the daily reports (from ICOADS 3.0) within the specified domain correspond to wind observations from that direction +/-45 degrees (i.e. between 225° and 315° from the true north). DATA: Column 1: Year Columns 2-4: Monthly RAW AMDI, defined as the % of days in a month with westerly wind direction with respect to the total number of available (i.e., non missing) days in the month Columns 5-7: As columns 2-4 but standarised with respect to the 1800-2014 period Column 8: Seasonal AMDI defined as [Dec(yr-1)+Jan(yr)+Feb(yr)] / 3 STANDARISED with respect to the 1800-2014 period where Dec Jan and Feb values are the standarised values (i.e. from columns 5 to 7). Column 8: Seasonal AMDI defined as [Dec(yr-1)+Jan(yr)+Feb(yr)] / 3 where Dec Jan and Feb values are the standarised values (i.e. taken from columns 5 to 7). MISSING DATA: A minimum of 10 days with observations per month were requiered to compute the AMDI, otherwise the index was tagged as missing (-99.90) ------RAW------- --------STANDARISED---------- -RAW-- Year Dec Jan Feb Dec Jan Feb DJF DJF 1800 21.7 -99.9 -99.9 -0.23 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1801 -99.9 -99.9 38.1 -99.90 -99.90 0.11 -99.90 -99.90 1802 -99.9 58.3 40.9 -99.90 1.26 0.24 -99.90 -99.90 1803 -99.9 9.1 -99.9 -99.90 -1.59 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1804 50.0 66.7 -99.9 1.62 1.75 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1805 26.7 -99.9 -99.9 0.10 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1806 -99.9 -99.9 -99.9 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1807 -99.9 -99.9 -99.9 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1808 -99.9 -99.9 -99.9 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1809 27.3 -99.9 -99.9 0.14 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1810 -99.9 -99.9 -99.9 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1811 -99.9 -99.9 -99.9 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1812 -99.9 70.0 -99.9 -99.90 1.94 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1813 -99.9 -99.9 8.3 -99.90 -99.90 -1.30 -99.90 -99.90 1814 -99.9 -99.9 -99.9 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1815 -99.9 -99.9 10.0 -99.90 -99.90 -1.22 -99.90 -99.90 1816 25.9 21.4 15.0 0.05 -0.88 -0.98 -99.90 -99.90 1817 -99.9 30.0 38.9 -99.90 -0.38 0.15 -0.08 -0.06 1818 26.9 27.3 37.5 0.11 -0.54 0.08 -99.90 -99.90 1819 42.9 43.5 50.0 1.15 0.40 0.67 0.61 0.40 1820 28.6 15.4 37.5 0.22 -1.22 0.08 0.02 0.00 1821 42.9 33.3 8.7 1.15 -0.19 -1.28 -0.62 -0.41 1822 12.5 21.4 -99.9 -0.83 -0.88 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1823 11.1 38.5 13.6 -0.92 0.11 -1.05 -0.88 -0.59 1824 30.8 12.0 0.0 0.37 -1.42 -1.69 -2.03 -1.34 1825 37.5 28.6 13.3 0.80 -0.46 -1.06 -0.57 -0.38 1826 17.6 4.0 31.8 -0.49 -1.88 -0.19 -0.63 -0.42 1827 54.5 25.0 0.0 1.91 -0.67 -1.69 -1.43 -0.95 1828 30.8 -99.9 11.5 0.37 -99.90 -1.15 -99.90 -99.90 1829 15.4 25.0 46.2 -0.64 -0.67 0.49 0.11 0.06 1830 23.1 20.0 26.3 -0.14 -0.96 -0.45 -1.02 -0.68 1831 35.0 15.0 42.9 0.64 -1.25 0.34 -0.52 -0.35 1832 36.8 17.6 -99.9 0.76 -1.10 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1833 10.7 19.4 6.7 -0.94 -0.99 -1.37 -0.80 -0.54 1834 20.0 31.8 11.1 -0.34 -0.27 -1.16 -1.20 -0.79 1835 10.0 22.2 4.8 -0.99 -0.83 -1.46 -1.32 -0.88 1836 12.5 8.3 0.0 -0.83 -1.64 -1.69 -2.17 -1.44 1837 28.6 45.0 28.6 0.22 0.49 -0.34 -0.33 -0.23 1838 9.7 27.3 22.7 -1.01 -0.54 -0.62 -0.46 -0.31 1839 10.7 30.0 4.8 -0.94 -0.38 -1.46 -1.43 -0.95 1840 41.7 26.7 37.5 1.08 -0.57 0.08 -0.71 -0.48 1841 12.9 36.0 45.8 -0.80 -0.03 0.47 0.78 0.51 1842 0.0 32.3 17.9 -1.64 -0.25 -0.84 -0.95 -0.63 1843 30.0 26.7 14.3 0.31 -0.57 -1.01 -1.62 -1.08 1844 26.3 42.1 19.2 0.07 0.32 -0.78 -0.06 -0.05 1845 6.5 6.5 22.2 -1.22 -1.74 -0.64 -1.16 -0.77 1846 21.4 37.0 4.2 -0.25 0.03 -1.49 -1.35 -0.89 1847 23.3 34.8 38.5 -0.12 -0.10 0.13 -0.10 -0.07 1848 15.4 40.0 10.7 -0.64 0.20 -1.18 -0.55 -0.37 1849 25.8 22.6 17.9 0.04 -0.81 -0.84 -1.15 -0.76 1850 21.4 32.3 11.1 -0.25 -0.25 -1.16 -0.68 -0.46 1851 6.9 45.2 4.3 -1.19 0.50 -1.48 -0.61 -0.41 1852 29.0 18.2 12.5 0.25 -1.06 -1.10 -1.69 -1.12 1853 18.2 28.6 25.0 -0.46 -0.46 -0.51 -0.35 -0.24 1854 35.5 12.9 17.9 0.67 -1.37 -0.84 -1.34 -0.89 1855 29.0 26.7 11.5 0.25 -0.57 -1.15 -0.52 -0.35 1856 35.5 19.4 17.9 0.67 -0.99 -0.84 -0.79 -0.53 1857 9.7 16.1 21.4 -1.01 -1.18 -0.68 -0.59 -0.40 1858 16.1 45.2 35.7 -0.59 0.50 -0.00 -0.25 -0.17 1859 41.9 35.5 3.6 1.09 -0.06 -1.52 -1.09 -0.72 1860 10.3 29.0 7.4 -0.97 -0.44 -1.34 -0.33 -0.23 1861 9.7 19.4 17.9 -1.01 -0.99 -0.84 -1.41 -0.94 1862 32.3 19.4 25.0 0.46 -0.99 -0.51 -1.26 -0.84 1863 19.4 58.1 14.3 -0.38 1.25 -1.01 0.37 0.23 1864 0.0 41.9 37.0 -1.64 0.31 0.06 0.01 -0.00 1865 0.0 35.5 21.4 -1.64 -0.06 -0.68 -1.19 -0.79 1866 25.8 9.7 31.6 0.04 -1.55 -0.20 -1.71 -1.13 1867 35.5 6.5 37.0 0.67 -1.74 0.06 -0.82 -0.55 1868 29.0 44.0 25.0 0.25 0.43 -0.51 0.32 0.20 1869 25.8 19.4 10.7 0.04 -0.99 -1.18 -0.96 -0.64 1870 22.6 48.4 67.9 -0.17 0.69 1.52 1.15 0.75 1871 28.6 8.3 28.6 0.22 -1.64 -0.34 -1.07 -0.71 1872 10.0 41.9 28.6 -0.99 0.31 -0.34 0.11 0.06 1873 10.0 32.0 44.4 -0.99 -0.26 0.41 -0.42 -0.28 1874 10.0 29.0 28.6 -0.99 -0.44 -0.34 -0.88 -0.59 1875 19.4 25.8 50.0 -0.38 -0.62 0.67 -0.46 -0.31 1876 29.0 25.8 17.9 0.25 -0.62 -0.84 -0.92 -0.61 1877 0.0 32.3 14.3 -1.64 -0.25 -1.01 -0.50 -0.34 1878 25.8 12.9 0.0 0.04 -1.37 -1.69 -2.37 -1.57 1879 19.4 64.5 22.7 -0.38 1.62 -0.62 0.54 0.35 1880 51.6 45.2 25.0 1.72 0.50 -0.51 -0.18 -0.13 1881 12.9 25.8 32.0 -0.80 -0.62 -0.18 0.48 0.31 1882 37.9 48.4 11.5 0.83 0.69 -1.15 -0.63 -0.42 1883 19.4 0.0 25.9 -0.38 -2.12 -0.47 -0.88 -0.58 1884 6.5 9.7 50.0 -1.22 -1.55 0.67 -0.63 -0.42 1885 16.1 6.9 29.2 -0.59 -1.72 -0.31 -1.63 -1.08 1886 41.9 22.6 21.4 1.09 -0.81 -0.68 -1.04 -0.69 1887 4.0 12.9 53.6 -1.38 -1.37 0.84 0.30 0.19 1888 33.3 48.4 57.1 0.53 0.69 1.01 0.17 0.10 1889 22.6 13.3 20.8 -0.17 -1.35 -0.71 -0.76 -0.51 1890 54.8 4.0 41.7 1.93 -1.88 0.28 -0.89 -0.59 1891 10.5 25.9 21.7 -0.96 -0.62 -0.66 0.34 0.22 1892 6.3 30.8 32.0 -1.23 -0.33 -0.18 -0.73 -0.49 1893 6.3 5.3 64.3 -1.23 -1.81 1.35 -0.85 -0.56 1894 14.8 50.0 12.0 -0.68 0.78 -1.12 -0.78 -0.52 1895 18.2 35.0 13.0 -0.46 -0.09 -1.07 -0.92 -0.61 1896 10.0 35.5 33.3 -0.99 -0.06 -0.12 -0.31 -0.21 1897 22.6 4.5 13.0 -0.17 -1.86 -1.07 -1.97 -1.31 1898 15.8 29.2 15.0 -0.61 -0.43 -0.98 -0.78 -0.52 1899 20.0 29.6 35.0 -0.34 -0.40 -0.04 -0.52 -0.35 1900 25.8 63.0 7.1 0.04 1.53 -1.35 -0.07 -0.05 1901 44.4 36.0 28.6 1.25 -0.03 -0.34 -0.15 -0.11 1902 20.7 20.8 9.5 -0.29 -0.91 -1.24 -0.44 -0.30 1903 59.3 6.7 40.0 2.22 -1.73 0.20 -0.91 -0.61 1904 22.6 44.0 28.6 -0.17 0.43 -0.34 1.19 0.77 1905 3.4 51.7 43.5 -1.42 0.88 0.37 0.56 0.36 1906 21.4 18.5 42.9 -0.25 -1.05 0.34 -1.07 -0.71 1907 25.0 48.3 51.9 -0.01 0.68 0.76 0.62 0.40 1908 45.2 26.7 61.5 1.30 -0.57 1.21 0.33 0.21 1909 28.6 40.7 44.4 0.22 0.24 0.41 1.00 0.65 1910 33.3 16.7 24.0 0.53 -1.15 -0.56 -0.74 -0.49 1911 32.3 24.1 60.0 0.46 -0.72 1.14 0.50 0.32 1912 32.3 43.3 29.6 0.46 0.39 -0.29 0.30 0.19 1913 19.4 58.1 32.1 -0.38 1.25 -0.17 0.79 0.51 1914 24.1 48.4 10.7 -0.07 0.69 -1.18 -0.43 -0.29 1915 41.9 51.6 46.2 1.09 0.87 0.49 0.67 0.43 1916 43.3 34.5 37.0 1.18 -0.12 0.06 0.53 0.34 1917 82.1 51.7 31.8 3.71 0.88 -0.19 0.96 0.62 1918 27.6 46.2 58.3 0.16 0.56 1.06 2.72 1.78 1919 25.8 43.3 19.2 0.04 0.39 -0.78 -0.11 -0.08 1920 54.8 45.2 50.0 1.93 0.50 0.67 0.63 0.40 1921 29.0 58.1 21.4 0.25 1.25 -0.68 1.28 0.83 1922 41.9 45.2 57.1 1.09 0.50 1.01 0.90 0.59 1923 25.8 74.2 28.6 0.04 2.18 -0.34 1.50 0.98 1924 54.8 41.9 46.4 1.93 0.31 0.50 0.44 0.28 1925 12.9 48.4 46.4 -0.80 0.69 0.50 1.59 1.04 1926 41.9 45.2 25.0 1.09 0.50 -0.51 -0.40 -0.27 1927 41.9 61.3 17.9 1.09 1.43 -0.84 0.86 0.56 1928 29.0 22.6 39.3 0.25 -0.81 0.17 0.24 0.15 1929 22.6 51.6 39.3 -0.17 0.87 0.17 0.67 0.43 1930 45.2 41.9 21.4 1.30 0.31 -0.68 -0.26 -0.18 1931 25.8 38.7 14.3 0.04 0.12 -1.01 0.22 0.14 1932 53.3 67.7 35.7 1.83 1.80 -0.00 0.95 0.61 1933 35.5 9.7 57.1 0.67 -1.55 1.01 0.66 0.43 1934 38.7 41.9 39.3 0.88 0.31 0.17 0.60 0.38 1935 9.7 41.9 39.3 -1.01 0.31 0.17 0.70 0.45 1936 12.9 41.9 21.4 -0.80 0.31 -0.68 -0.69 -0.46 1937 48.3 36.7 17.9 1.51 0.01 -0.84 -0.82 -0.55 1938 6.5 58.1 42.9 -1.22 1.25 0.34 1.58 1.03 1939 31.6 43.3 39.3 0.42 0.39 0.17 -0.32 -0.22 1940 47.4 50.0 -99.9 1.45 0.78 -99.90 -99.90 -99.90 1941 25.0 54.2 15.0 -0.01 1.02 -0.98 0.77 0.50 1942 65.0 12.9 17.9 2.59 -1.37 -0.84 -1.11 -0.74 1943 53.3 -99.9 40.9 1.83 -99.90 0.24 -99.90 -99.90 1944 38.7 50.0 14.8 0.88 0.78 -0.99 0.84 0.54 1945 26.9 25.8 59.3 0.11 -0.62 1.11 0.71 0.46 1946 7.4 33.3 29.6 -1.16 -0.19 -0.29 -0.17 -0.12 1947 33.3 17.9 43.8 0.53 -1.08 0.38 -0.93 -0.62 1948 21.7 22.2 23.5 -0.23 -0.83 -0.58 -0.43 -0.29 1949 11.1 27.3 48.0 -0.92 -0.54 0.58 -0.08 -0.06 1950 30.0 40.9 46.2 0.31 0.25 0.49 -0.07 -0.06 1951 0.0 33.3 53.8 -1.64 -0.19 0.85 0.51 0.33 1952 18.5 34.5 8.3 -0.44 -0.12 -1.30 -1.54 -1.02 1953 4.0 44.4 46.2 -1.38 0.45 0.49 0.27 0.17 1954 24.1 25.0 64.0 -0.07 -0.67 1.33 -0.35 -0.24 1955 19.4 18.5 50.0 -0.38 -1.05 0.67 -0.21 -0.15 1956 35.7 33.3 63.0 0.69 -0.19 1.29 0.38 0.24 1957 25.8 29.0 66.7 0.04 -0.44 1.46 0.88 0.57 1958 35.5 32.3 25.0 0.67 -0.25 -0.51 -0.35 -0.24 1959 25.8 67.7 14.3 0.04 1.80 -1.01 0.75 0.49 1960 22.6 58.1 39.3 -0.17 1.25 0.17 0.75 0.48 1961 9.7 48.4 28.6 -1.01 0.69 -0.34 0.10 0.06 1962 22.6 48.4 42.9 -0.17 0.69 0.34 0.02 0.00 1963 9.7 40.0 50.0 -1.01 0.20 0.67 0.37 0.23 1964 29.0 25.8 39.3 0.25 -0.62 0.17 -0.73 -0.49 1965 29.0 58.1 32.1 0.25 1.25 -0.17 0.68 0.44 1966 6.5 51.6 39.3 -1.22 0.87 0.17 0.67 0.43 1967 32.3 48.4 67.9 0.46 0.69 1.52 0.51 0.33 1968 12.9 54.8 60.7 -0.80 1.06 1.18 1.38 0.90 1969 35.5 22.6 67.9 0.67 -0.81 1.52 -0.03 -0.03 1970 29.0 19.4 50.0 0.25 -0.99 0.67 0.19 0.12 1971 29.0 54.8 67.9 0.25 1.06 1.52 1.44 0.94 1972 0.0 58.1 46.4 -1.64 1.25 0.50 1.03 0.67 1973 41.9 35.5 46.4 1.09 -0.06 0.50 -0.60 -0.40 1974 19.4 80.6 67.9 -0.38 2.55 1.52 2.63 1.72 1975 32.3 41.9 57.1 0.46 0.31 1.01 0.49 0.31 1976 38.7 58.1 64.3 0.88 1.25 1.35 1.56 1.02 1977 12.9 48.4 78.6 -0.80 0.69 2.02 1.83 1.20 1978 25.8 41.9 25.0 0.04 0.31 -0.51 -0.49 -0.33 1979 6.5 35.5 32.1 -1.22 -0.06 -0.17 -0.09 -0.06 1980 6.5 38.7 71.4 -1.22 0.12 1.68 0.31 0.20 1981 29.0 77.4 85.7 0.25 2.37 2.36 1.79 1.17 1982 6.5 48.4 50.0 -1.22 0.69 0.67 0.83 0.54 1983 16.1 25.8 10.7 -0.59 -0.62 -1.18 -1.52 -1.01 1984 67.7 45.2 50.0 2.77 0.50 0.67 0.31 0.19 1985 22.6 22.6 28.6 -0.17 -0.81 -0.34 0.84 0.54 1986 6.5 71.0 60.7 -1.22 2.00 1.18 1.54 1.00 1987 51.6 45.2 75.0 1.72 0.50 1.85 0.59 0.38 1988 58.1 12.9 39.3 2.15 -1.37 0.17 0.28 0.17 1989 6.5 32.3 60.7 -1.22 -0.25 1.18 1.57 1.03 1990 25.8 45.2 3.6 0.04 0.50 -1.52 -1.12 -0.75 1991 25.8 67.7 85.7 0.04 1.80 2.36 2.14 1.40 1992 35.5 41.9 50.0 0.67 0.31 0.67 0.53 0.34 1993 29.0 25.8 75.0 0.25 -0.62 1.85 0.98 0.63 1994 3.2 32.3 50.0 -1.43 -0.25 0.67 0.35 0.22 1995 38.7 41.9 46.4 0.88 0.31 0.50 -0.30 -0.21 1996 38.7 54.8 28.6 0.88 1.06 -0.34 0.82 0.53 1997 19.4 54.8 78.6 -0.38 1.06 2.02 2.02 1.32 1998 35.5 48.4 25.0 0.67 0.69 -0.51 -0.09 -0.07 1999 9.7 58.1 75.0 -1.01 1.25 1.85 1.93 1.26 2000 61.3 41.9 82.1 2.35 0.31 2.19 0.77 0.50 2001 45.2 32.3 85.7 1.30 -0.25 2.36 2.28 1.49 2002 0.0 29.0 89.3 -1.64 -0.44 2.53 1.73 1.13 2003 12.9 41.9 53.6 -0.80 0.31 0.84 -0.24 -0.16 2004 0.0 45.2 67.9 -1.64 0.50 1.52 0.63 0.41 2005 3.2 9.7 10.7 -1.43 -1.55 -1.18 -2.21 -1.46 2006 0.0 67.7 42.9 -1.64 1.80 0.34 0.37 0.24 2007 9.7 41.9 50.0 -1.01 0.31 0.67 -0.32 -0.22 2008 22.6 48.4 100.0 -0.17 0.69 3.03 1.39 0.90 2009 29.0 71.0 71.4 0.25 2.00 1.68 1.79 1.17 2010 41.9 80.6 60.7 1.09 2.55 1.18 2.03 1.33 2011 45.2 61.3 53.6 1.30 1.43 0.84 1.72 1.12 2012 3.2 54.8 28.6 -1.43 1.06 -0.34 1.04 0.67 2013 9.7 58.1 28.6 -1.01 1.25 -0.34 -0.25 -0.17 2014 22.6 61.3 60.7 -0.17 1.43 1.18 0.82 0.53