NAME OF DATA SET: Western North Pacific Monsoon Directional Index (WNPDI) ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Vega, I., D. Gallego, P. Ribera, F.P. Gómez-Delgado, R. García-Herrera and C. Peña-Ortiz, 2015: Reconstructing the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon since the late nineteenth century. Journal of Climate. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0336.1 PERIOD OF RECORD: 1849-2014 TEMPORAL RESOLUTION: monthly (June, July and August) REGION: D1==[100E-130E; 5N-15N] and D2==[110E-140E; 20N-30N] SOURCES: Daily data of wind direction based on direct marine observations derived from ICOADS v3.0 (Freeman et al., 2016). DESCRIPTION: The WNPDI is an instrumental index based on wind direction observations that measures the intensity of the WNPSM. In this sense, high (low) values of the WNPDI are associated with strong (weak) monsoons. The WNPDI is defined as the sum of the percentage of days in a month with prevailing wind blowing from the west (wind direction between 225º and 315º from the true north) at D1 and the percentage of days in a month with prevailing wind blowing from the east (wind direction between 45º and 135º from the true north) at D2. A day with prevailing wind blowing from the west (east) was considered when at least the 39% (46%) of the total number of observations available for that day corresponded to westerly (easterly) winds. Although those thresholds are smaller than 50%, most observations corresponded to westerly (easterly) winds at D1 (D2). DATA: Monthly values of the WNPDI are given in %. Months with less than 10 days with wind observations at D1 and/or D2 are labelled as missing (NAN). Yr Jun Jul Aug --------------------------------- 1849 33.3 80.4 82 1850 NAN 68.1 67.1 1851 NAN NAN 56.7 1852 74.4 48.5 33.8 1853 48.5 NAN 87.5 1854 46.9 71.5 60.7 1855 41 96 73.2 1856 64.4 84.8 94.3 1857 93.3 73.5 148.8 1858 104.3 63.9 89.5 1859 39.8 75.9 89.4 1860 45.8 NAN NAN 1861 64 NAN 51.8 1862 NAN NAN 56 1863 68.2 80.1 NAN 1864 NAN 116.2 NAN 1865 NAN NAN 85.2 1866 136 82.9 113.9 1867 61.1 34.3 66.3 1868 NAN NAN 98 1869 80.2 73.5 83.4 1870 31.1 90.8 107.1 1871 96.3 88.9 75 1872 57.9 62.4 46.7 1873 NAN NAN NAN 1874 48.6 57.9 NAN 1875 NAN NAN NAN 1876 NAN 110.8 NAN 1877 NAN 74.8 110.4 1878 65.6 NAN 69.3 1879 49.6 NAN 72.7 1880 47.6 64.2 63.5 1881 67.7 NAN NAN 1882 NAN 94.8 74.7 1883 67.1 96.5 112.1 1884 64 69.6 88.9 1885 53.7 78.8 48.8 1886 62.5 60.3 63.5 1887 33.7 61.1 46.2 1888 89.9 81.7 90.5 1889 44.8 85.8 NAN 1890 NAN 101.3 78.6 1891 93.3 102.7 NAN 1892 80.8 27.3 NAN 1893 60.4 42 96.1 1894 90.4 82.1 47.5 1895 92.9 57.4 107.6 1896 54 89.5 119.5 1897 58.9 96.3 NAN 1898 115.4 78.1 97.8 1899 54.8 86.7 136 1900 84.2 71.4 131.6 1901 106.7 56.5 93.1 1902 70.5 64.2 67.8 1903 24.7 90.1 58 1904 112.3 75.4 126.2 1905 49 61.7 56.2 1906 55 69.6 72.2 1907 83.4 80.6 114.4 1908 76.6 64.5 119.3 1909 60 80.6 51.6 1910 16.7 45.2 71 1911 53.4 77.4 83.8 1912 80 61.3 112.9 1913 36.7 100 112.9 1914 66.7 83.8 99.4 1915 36.6 67.8 93.6 1916 86.7 25.8 38.8 1917 40 112.9 58.1 1918 73.3 87.1 119.4 1919 73.3 93.5 129 1920 110 122.6 109.7 1921 93.4 87.1 112.9 1922 100 103.2 93.6 1923 103.3 77.4 122.6 1924 106.7 116.1 96.8 1925 83.4 90.3 122.6 1926 103.4 64.5 87.1 1927 80 83.8 93.5 1928 106.7 80.7 100 1929 83.3 109.7 106.5 1930 43.3 112.9 74.2 1931 70 48.4 145.2 1932 96.7 93.5 58 1933 80 100 38.8 1934 36.7 74.2 112.9 1935 66.7 116.1 74.2 1936 70 96.7 112.9 1937 110 109.7 122.6 1938 63.4 67.8 80.7 1939 66.6 96.8 122.6 1940 100 106.4 122.6 1941 120 100 83.9 1942 83 96.8 95 1943 84 102.3 72.5 1944 42 91.6 74.2 1945 40 77.5 116.2 1946 85 66.5 55.2 1947 56 105.9 99 1948 98.8 75 90 1949 36.7 38.7 70.9 1950 60 100 83.8 1951 70 44.4 87.1 1952 76.7 77.4 112.9 1953 36.7 87.1 103.2 1954 33.3 16.1 96.7 1955 33.3 58.1 71 1956 33.3 67.7 90.3 1957 63.3 29 119.4 1958 100 83.9 54.8 1959 16.7 70.9 100 1960 93.4 67.8 109.7 1961 70 87.1 145.1 1962 30 112.9 83.9 1963 106.7 100 90.3 1964 43.4 48.4 103.2 1965 83.4 116.1 93.5 1966 53.4 93.5 83.9 1967 46.7 77.4 135.5 1968 36.7 77.4 129 1969 60 109.7 58.1 1970 60 67.7 109.7 1971 63.4 90.3 54.9 1972 50 119.4 80.6 1973 50 87.1 122.6 1974 43.3 41.9 106.4 1975 40 42 90.3 1976 63.3 80.7 71 1977 3.3 90.4 87.1 1978 43.3 74.2 141.9 1979 80 90.3 96.8 1980 26.7 74.2 77.4 1981 90 100 109.6 1982 63.3 96.8 119.3 1983 30 41.9 80.6 1984 76.6 35.5 158.1 1985 110 74.2 119.3 1986 50 83.9 141.9 1987 73.4 58.1 61.3 1988 53.3 64.5 22.6 1989 60 74.2 106.4 1990 73.3 100 90.4 1991 20 51.6 87.1 1992 46.7 58.1 103.2 1993 33.3 58.1 74.2 1994 56.7 119.3 112.9 1995 40 45.2 93.5 1996 6.7 80.7 32.3 1997 53.3 80.7 80.6 1998 0 9.7 38.7 1999 53.3 71 64.6 2000 33.3 80.6 80.7 2001 63.4 103.3 138.7 2002 53.4 103.2 90.4 2003 36.7 54.8 106.5 2004 113.3 61.3 138.7 2005 36.7 77.5 87.1 2006 33.3 100 119.4 2007 13.3 32.2 90.3 2008 33.3 48.4 48.4 2009 66.7 90.4 83.9 2010 23.3 48.4 83.9 2011 70 90.3 80.7 2012 73.4 96.7 106.4 2013 46.6 90.4 67.8 2014 73.3 116.1 74.2