Características de Emprendimientos Unicornios en América Latina (Characteristics of Unicorn Ventures in Latin America)

Autores/as

  • Bruce Lezana Fac. de Economía y Negocios, Universidad de Chile
  • Belén Guede Fac. de Economía y Negocios, Universidad de Chile
  • Christian A. Cancino Fac. de Economía y Negocios, Universidad de Chile

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7054342

Palabras clave:

Unicornios, Emprendimientos dinámicos, Oportunidad, América Latina, Dynamic entrepreneurship, Opportunity, Latin America, Unicorns

Resumen

En los últimos años ha surgido un fenómeno de empresas que presentan una prominente valoración privada, y que, dado su rareza, son llamadas unicornios. En el caso de América Latina, si bien existe literatura relacionada a emprendimientos dinámicos, son pocas las investigaciones que han desarrollado un estudio de empresas unicornios para la región. El presente trabajo busca, mediante el estudio de casos recientes de unicornios en la región, identificar características comunes. Para ello se consideró como muestra los 11 unicornios vigentes en América Latina entre 2021 e inicios del 2022, los cuales fueron clasificados por categoría, modelo de negocio, valoración, entre otros elementos. Los resultados sugieren que entre las características distintivas de las empresas unicornio de la región, en general, están formadas por emprendedores con experiencia previa en la creación de negocios, con éxitos y fracasos como ejemplos. Asimismo, estos emprendedores cuentan con estudios de pregrado en la propia región, y con posgrados en prestigiosas universidades fuera de la región. Estos negocios poseen también modelos de negocio que confían en el uso de tecnologías de vanguardia. Así, las categorías más repetidas entre los unicornios de América Latina son las de servicios de software, fintech y comercio electrónico. A su vez, sus modelos de negocio los empujan hacia los mercados globales. Con este trabajo se espera contribuir en el entendimiento de los unicornios y cuáles son las tendencias empresariales que pueden tener un mayor impacto en los mercados, para así servir como guía para potenciales políticas públicas que fomenten estas iniciativas.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT

In recent years, a phenomenon of companies with a prominent private valuation has emerged, which, given their rarity, are called unicorns. In the case of Latin America, although there is literature related to dynamic ventures, there is little research that has developed a study of unicorns for the region. This paper seeks, through the study of recent cases of unicorns in the region, to identify common characteristics. For this purpose, the 11 unicorns in force in Latin America between 2021 and the beginning of 2022 were considered as a sample, which were classified by category, business model, valuation, among other elements. The results suggest that among the distinctive characteristics of unicorn companies in the region, in general, they are formed by entrepreneurs with previous experience in business creation, with successes and failures as examples. In addition, these entrepreneurs have undergraduate studies in the region itself, and postgraduate degrees from prestigious universities outside the region. These businesses also have business models that rely on the use of cutting-edge technologies. Thus, the most repeated categories among Latin American unicorns are software services, fintech and e-commerce. In turn, their business models push them towards global markets. This paper hopes to contribute to the understanding of unicorns and the business trends that can have a greater impact on markets, in order to serve as a guide for potential public policies that encourage these initiatives.         

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Publicado

2022-09-06

Cómo citar

Lezana, B., Guede, B., & Cancino, C. A. (2022). Características de Emprendimientos Unicornios en América Latina (Characteristics of Unicorn Ventures in Latin America). GECONTEC: Revista Internacional De Gestión Del Conocimiento Y La Tecnología, 10(3), 32–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7054342

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