Un sistema alimentario sostenible, resiliente y deseable
Palabras clave:
sistemas alimentarios, resiliencia, sostenibilidad, soberanía alimentariaResumen
Los análisis sobre resiliencia y sostenibilidad del sistema alimentario abundan especialmente en el campo de la economía ecológica, sin embargo, muchos de estos trabajos parten de concepciones de resiliencia y sostenibilidad como características deseables del sistema alimentario, sin prestar suficiente atención a la naturaleza inherentemente normativa que tienen estos conceptos, especialmente cuando son aplicados al análisis de sistemas socioecológicos. Desde la perspectiva del pensamiento sistémico, el presente trabajo parte de la idea de que sostenibilidad y resiliencia son características deseables si están ligadas a procesos y sistemas cuyo funcionamiento es deseable, pero no son características beneficiosas cuando se asocian a fenómenos perjudiciales. Por lo tanto, es fundamental analizar qué implicaciones tiene la dimensión normativa de la sostenibilidad y la resiliencia del sistema alimentario y qué tipo de cambios o transformaciones son necesarios para lograr un sistema alimentario no sólo sostenible y resiliente, sino también deseable. El paradigma de la soberanía alimentaria tiene, en este sentido, un importante potencial como marco para la transformación hacia un sistema alimentario sostenible, resiliente, y deseable, ya que parte del reconocimiento de la complejidad del sistema alimentario y su funcionamiento dinámico y multiescalar, incorporando dimensiones ecológicas, económicas, políticas, sociales y culturales, y abriendo paso a una aproximación inter- y transdisciplinar para el estudio y la transformación del sistema alimentario global.
Descargas
Citas
Abson, David J., Joern Fischer, Julia Leventon, Jens Newig, Thomas Schomerus, Ulli Vilsmaier, Henrik Von Wehrden, Paivi Abernethy, Christopher D. Ives, & Nicolas W. Jager. (2017). "Leverage points for sustainability transformation". Ambio, 46, 30-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0800-y
Altieri, Miguel A. (2004). "Linking ecologists and traditional farmers in the search for sustainable agriculture". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2(1), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0035:LEATFI]2.0.CO;2
Allen, Thomas, & Paolo Prosperi. (2016). "Modeling Sustainable Food Systems". Environmental Management, 57(5), 956-975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0664-8
Anderson, Colin R., Chris Maughan, & Michel P. Pimbert. (2019). "Transformative agroecology learning in Europe: building consciousness, skills and collective capacity for food sovereignty". Agriculture and human values, 36(3), 531-547. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-018-9894-0
Baker, Phillip, Priscila Machado, Thiago Santos, Katherine Sievert, Kathryn Backholer, Michalis Hadjikakou, Cherie Russell, Oliver Huse, Colin Bell, & Gyorgy Scrinis. (2020). "Ultra‐processed foods and the nutrition transition: Global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers". Obesity Reviews, 21(12), e13126. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13126
Behnassi, Mohamed, & Mahjoub El Haiba. (2022). "Implications of the Russia-Ukraine war for global food security". Nature Human Behaviour, 6(6), 754-755. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01391-x
Béné, Christophe. (2022). "Why the Great Food Transformation may not happen-A deep-dive into our food systems' political economy, controversies and politics of evidence". World Development, 154, 105881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105881
Berkes, Fikret. (2007). "Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability: lessons from resilience thinking". Natural hazards, 41, 283-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-9036-7
Berkes, Fikret, Johan Colding, & Carl Folke, eds. (2008). Navigating Social-Ecological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Blesh, Jennifer, Lesli Hoey, Andrew D. Jones, Harriet Friedmann, & Ivette Perfecto. (2019). "Development pathways toward "zero hunger"". World Development, 118, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.02.004
Blythe, Jessica, Jennifer Silver, Louisa Evans, Derek Armitage, Nathan J. Bennett, Michele-Lee Moore, Tiffany H. Morrison, & Katrina Brown. (2018). "The dark side of transformation: latent risks in contemporary sustainability discourse". Antipode, 50(5), 1206-1223. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12405
Bonnet, Céline, Zohra Bouamra-Mechemache, Vincent Réquillart, & Nicolas Treich. (2020). "Regulating meat consumption to improve health, the environment and animal welfare". Food Policy, 97, 101847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101847
Bowness, Evan, & Hannah Wittman. (2023). "Sites, stakes, and scales: radical relationalism and the shifting nature of food sovereignty mobilization". Globalizations, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2023.2171623
Brem-Wilson, Josh. (2015). "Towards food sovereignty: interrogating peasant voice in the United Nations Committee on World Food Security". Journal of Peasant Studies, 42(1), 73-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2014.968143
Calvário, Rita, & Annette Aurélie Desmarais. (2023). "The feminist dimensions of food sovereignty: Insights from La Via Campesina's politics". The Journal of Peasant Studies, 50(2), 640-664. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2022.2153042
Calvário, Rita, Annette Aurélie Desmarais, & Joseba Azkarraga. (2020). "Solidarities from below in the making of emancipatory rural politics: insights from food sovereignty struggles in the Basque Country". Sociologia Ruralis, 60(4), 857-879. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12264
Campbell, Bruce M., Douglas J. Beare, Elena M. Bennett, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, John SI Ingram, Fernando Jaramillo, Rodomiro Ortiz, Navin Ramankutty, Jeffrey A. Sayer, & Drew Shindell. (2017). "Agriculture production as a major driver of the Earth system exceeding planetary boundaries". Ecology and Society, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09595-220408
Cantalapiedra, Santiago Álvarez, Alfons Barceló, Óscar Carpintero Redondo, Cristina Carrasco Bengoa, Ángel Martínez González-Tablas, Albert Recio Andreu, & Jordi Roca Jusmet. (2012). "Por una economía inclusiva. Hacia un paradigma sistémico". Revista de economía crítica, (14), 277-301.
Chappell, Michael Jahi, & Liliana A. LaValle. (2011). "Food security and biodiversity: can we have both? An agroecological analysis". Agriculture and Human Values, 28(1), 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-009-9251-4
Checkland, Peter, & John Poulter. (2007). Learning For Action: A Short Definitive Account of Soft Systems Methodology, and Its Use for Practitioners, Teachers and Students. John Wiley & Sons.
Claeys, Priscilla, Annette Aurélie Desmarais, & Jasber Singh. (2021). "Food sovereignty, food security and the right to food". en Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972468.00035
Clapp, Jennifer. (2021). "The problem with growing corporate concentration and power in the global food system". Nature Food, 2(6), 404-408. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00297-7
Clapp, Jennifer, & William G. Moseley. (2020). "This Food Crisis Is Different: COVID-19 and the Fragility of the Neoliberal Food Security Order". The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47(7), 1393-1417. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2020.1823838
Crippa, Monica, Efisio Solazzo, Diego Guizzardi, Fabio Monforti-Ferrario, Francesco N. Tubiello, & AJNF Leip. (2021). "Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions". Nature Food, 2(3), 198-209. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00225-9
De Molina, Manuel Gonzalez, Paulo Frederico Petersen, Francisco Garrido Peña, & Francisco Roberto Caporal. (2019). Political agroecology: Advancing the transition to sustainable food systems. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429428821
De Schutter, Olivier, Ugo Mattei, Jose Luis Vivero-Pol, & Tomaso Ferrando. (2018). "Food as commons: Towards a new relationship between the public, the civic and the private". en Routledge handbook of food as a commons. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315161495-24
Dekeyser, Koen, Lise Korsten, & Lorenzo Fioramonti. (2018). "Food Sovereignty: Shifting Debates on Democratic Food Governance". Food Security, 10(1), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0763-2
Desmarais, Annette Aurélie. (2012). "La vía campesina". The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470670590.wbeog344
Dixon, Jane. (2009). "From the imperial to the empty calorie: how nutrition relations underpin food regime transitions". Agriculture and Human Values, 26, 321-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-009-9217-6
Dobson, Paul W., Michael Waterson, & Stephen W. Davies. (2003). "The patterns and implications of increasing concentration in European food retailing". Journal of agricultural economics, 54(1), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2003.tb00053.x
Dorninger, Christian, David J. Abson, Cristina I. Apetrei, Pim Derwort, Christopher D. Ives, Kathleen Klaniecki, David PM Lam, Maria Langsenlehner, Maraja Riechers, & Nathalie Spittler. (2020). "Leverage points for sustainability transformation: a review on interventions in food and energy systems". Ecological Economics, 171, 106570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106570
Ericksen, Polly J. (2008). "Conceptualizing Food Systems for Global Environmental Change Research". Global Environmental Change, 18(1), 234-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.09.002
FAO. (2019). The State of Food and Agriculture 2019. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction. Rome: FAO.
FAO. (2023). "FAOSTAT". Retrieved May 18, 2023, from https://www.fao.org/faostat/.
FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, & WHO. (2022). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome: FAO.
Figueroa-Helland, Leonardo, Cassidy Thomas, & Abigail Pérez Aguilera. (2018). "Decolonizing food systems: Food sovereignty, indigenous revitalization, and agroecology as counter-hegemonic movements". Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 17(1-2), 173-201. https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341473
Foley, Jonathan A., Navin Ramankutty, Kate A. Brauman, Emily S. Cassidy, James S. Gerber, Matt Johnston, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Christine O'Connell, Deepak K. Ray, & Paul C. West. (2011). "Solutions for a cultivated planet". Nature, 478(7369), 337-342. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10452
Freyer, Bernhard, Jim Bingen, & Milena Klimek. (2015). "Ethics in the organic movement". In Re-Thinking Organic Food and Farming in a Changing World (pp. 13-39). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9190-8_2
Gerber, Julien-François. (2020). "Degrowth and critical agrarian studies". The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47(2), 235-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2019.1695601
Gladek, Eva, Matthew Fraser, Gerard Roemers, Oscar Sabag Muñoz, Erin Kennedy, & Peter Hirsch. (2017). The global food system: An analysis. Netherlands: WWF.
Gliessman, Steve, Harriet Friedmann, & Philip H. Howard. (2019). "Agroecology and food sovereignty". https://doi.org/10.19088/1968-2019.120
Godfray, H. Charles J., Paul Aveyard, Tara Garnett, Jim W. Hall, Timothy J. Key, Jamie Lorimer, Ray T. Pierrehumbert, Peter Scarborough, Marco Springmann, & Susan A. Jebb. (2018). "Meat consumption, health, and the environment". Science, 361(6399), eaam5324. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam5324
González de Molina, Manuel, & Gloria I. Guzmán. (2017). "On the Andalusian origins of agroecology in Spain and its contribution to shaping agroecological thought". Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 41(3-4), 256-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2017.1280111
Gonzalez De Molina, Manuel, & Daniel Lopez-Garcia. (2021). "Principles for designing Agroecology-based Local (territorial) Agri-food Systems: A critical revision". Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 45(7), 1050-1082. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2021.1913690
González de Molina, Manuel, & Víctor M. Toledo. (2014). The social metabolism: a socio-ecological theory of historical change (Vol. 3). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06358-4
Hawkes, Corinna. (2006). "Uneven dietary development: linking the policies and processes of globalization with the nutrition transition, obesity and diet-related chronic diseases". Globalization and health, 2(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-2-4
Hodbod, Jennifer, & Hallie Eakin. (2015). "Adapting a Social-Ecological Resilience Framework for Food Systems". Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 5(3), 474-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-015-0280-6
Holling, Crawford S. (1973). "Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245
Holt-Giménez, Eric, & Miguel A. Altieri. (2013). "Agroecology, food sovereignty, and the new green revolution". Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 37(1), 90-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2013.809398
Iles, Alastair, & Maywa Montenegro de Wit. (2015). "Sovereignty at what scale? An inquiry into multiple dimensions of food sovereignty". Globalizations, 12(4), 481-497. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2014.957587
IPES-Food. (2017). Too big to feed: Exploring the impacts of mega-mergers, consolidation and concentration of power in the agri-food sector. International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems.
Ison, Ray, Paul T. Maiteny, & Steven Carr. (1997). "Systems methodologies for sustainable natural resources research and development". Agricultural systems, 55(2), 257-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X(97)00010-3
Jarosz, Lucy. (2014). "Comparing food security and food sovereignty discourses". Dialogues in Human Geography, 4(2), 168-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820614537161
King, Thea, Martin Cole, Jeffrey M. Farber, Gerhard Eisenbrand, Dimitrios Zabaras, Edward M. Fox, & Jeremy P. Hill. (2017). "Food safety for food security: Relationship between global megatrends and developments in food safety". Trends in Food Science & Technology, 68, 160-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.014
Levkoe, Charles Z., Kristen Lowitt, & Connie Nelson. (2017). ""Fish as food": Exploring a food sovereignty approach to small-scale fisheries". Marine Policy, 85, 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.08.018
Lozano-Cabedo, Carmen, & Cristóbal Gómez-Benito. (2017). "A theoretical model of Food citizenship for the analysis of social praxis". Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 30(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-016-9649-0
McGreevy, Steven R., Christoph DD Rupprecht, Daniel Niles, Arnim Wiek, Michael Carolan, Giorgos Kallis, Kanang Kantamaturapoj, Astrid Mangnus, Petr Jehlička, & Oliver Taherzadeh. (2022). "Sustainable agrifood systems for a post-growth world". Nature Sustainability, 1-7.
Meadows, Donella. (2009). Thinking in systems: A primer. London: Earthscan.
Miller, Thaddeus R. (2013). "Constructing Sustainability Science: Emerging Perspectives and Research Trajectories". Sustainability Science, 8(2), 279-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-012-0180-6
Nelson, Anitra, & Edwards Ferne (Eds.). (2020). Food for degrowth: Perspectives and practices. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003004820
Oliver, Tom H., Emily Boyd, Kelvin Balcombe, Tim G. Benton, James M. Bullock, Deanna Donovan, Giuseppe Feola, Matthew Heard, Georgina M. Mace, & Simon R. Mortimer. (2018). "Overcoming undesirable resilience in the global food system". Global Sustainability, 1, e9. https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2018.9
Pimbert, Michel, & Stefanie Lemke. (2018). "Food environments: using agroecology to enhance dietary diversity." UNSCN News (43), 33-42.
Pimbert, Michel P. (2017). "Democratizing knowledge and ways of knowing for food sovereignty, agroecology, and biocultural diversity". In Food Sovereignty, Agroecology and Biocultural Diversity. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315666396
Popkin, Barry M., Camila Corvalan, & Laurence M. Grummer-Strawn. (2020). "Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality". The Lancet, 395(10217), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32497-3
Preiser, Rika, Reinette Biggs, Alta De Vos, & Carl Folke. (2018). "Social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems". Ecology and Society, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10558-230446
Roman-Alcalá, Antonio. (2017). "Looking to Food Sovereignty Movements for Post-Growth Theory". Ephemera: Theory and Politics in Organization, 17(1), 119-145.
Ruiz-Almeida, Adriana, & Marta G. Rivera-Ferre. (2019). "Internationally-based indicators to measure Agri-food systems sustainability using food sovereignty as a conceptual framework". Food Security, 11(6), 1321-1337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-019-00964-5
Sage, Colin. (2014). "The transition movement and food sovereignty: From local resilience to global engagement in food system transformation". Journal of Consumer Culture, 14(2), 254-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540514526281
Schiavoni, Christina M. (2017). "The contested terrain of food sovereignty construction: Toward a historical, relational and interactive approach". The journal of peasant studies, 44(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2016.1234455
Sonnino, Roberta, Terry Marsden, & Ana Moragues-Faus. (2016). "Relationalities and convergences in food security narratives: towards a place-based approach". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 41(4), 477-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12137
Springmann, Marco, Michael Clark, Daniel Mason-D'Croz, Keith Wiebe, Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Luis Lassaletta, Wim De Vries, Sonja J. Vermeulen, Mario Herrero, & Kimberly M. Carlson. (2018). "Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits". Nature, 562(7728), 519-525. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0594-0
Steinfeld, Henning, & Pierre Gerber. (2010). "Livestock production and the global environment: Consume less or produce better?" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(43), 18237-18238. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1012541107
Thompson, Paul B., & Patricia E. Norris. (2021). Sustainability: What Everyone Needs to Know®. Oxford University Press.
Tilman, David, & Michael Clark. (2014). "Global Diets Link Environmental Sustainability and Human Health". Nature, 515(7528), 518-522. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13959
Tilzey, Mark. (2017). Political ecology, food regimes, and food sovereignty: Crisis, resistance, and resilience. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64556-8
Torres, María Elena Martínez, & Peter M. Rosset. (2016). "Diálogo de saberes en la vía campesina: soberanía alimentaria y agroecología". Revista Espacio Regional, 1(13), 23-36.
Via Campesina. (2007). Nyéléni Declaration.
Wald, Navé, & Douglas P. Hill. (2016). "'Rescaling' alternative food systems: from food security to food sovereignty". Agriculture and Human Values, 33(1), 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-015-9623-x
Walsh-Dilley, Marygold, Wendy Wolford, & James McCarthy. (2016). "Rights for resilience: Food sovereignty, power, and resilience in development practice". Ecology and Society, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07981-210111
Wittman, Hannah. (2011). "Food sovereignty: a new rights framework for food and nature?" Environment and Society, 2(1), 87-105. https://doi.org/10.3167/ares.2011.020106
Wood, Amanda, Cibele Queiroz, Lisa Deutsch, Blanca González-Mon, Malin Jonell, Laura Pereira, Hanna Sinare, Uno Svedin, & Emmy Wassénius. (2023). "Reframing the local-global food systems debate through a resilience lens". Nature Food, 4(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00662-0
Wright, Erik Olin. (2014). Construyendo utopías reales. Ediciones Akal.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Lucía Diez Sanjuán
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Esta licencia permite a terceros compartir (copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato) y adaptar (remezclar, transformar y crear a partir del material para cualquier finalidad, incluso comercial), siempre que se reconozca la autoría y la primera publicación en esta revista (La Revista, DOI de la obra), se proporcione un enlace a la licencia y se indique si se han realizado cambios en la obra.
