Analizando sistemas alimentarios: un marco de investigación a escala nacional.
Palabras clave:
economía política de los sistemas alimentarios, regímenes alimentarios, escala nacional, metabolismo social, excedente/reproducciónResumen
Existe un amplio consenso sobre la urgencia de transformar los sistemas alimentarios actuales para que sean más sostenibles y justos. Este artículo pretende avanzar en el estudio del funcionamiento de los sistemas alimentarios a escala nacional e identificar las palancas de cambio que podrían hacer posible esta transformación. Partiendo de los regímenes alimentarios —que abordan las relaciones globales de la agricultura y la alimentación en la historia contemporánea del capitalismo— y combinándolos con los enfoques del metabolismo social y excedente/reproducción, desarrollamos un marco de investigación para estudiar los sistemas alimentarios contemporáneos a escala nacional, y en particular el rol que tienen en los mecanismos de reproducción del sistema capitalista. Tomamos la escala nacional como unidad de análisis dado los importantes roles y obligaciones que el Estado ejerce sobre los sistemas alimentarios. El marco de investigación que proponemos consiste en seis dimensiones, que comprenden treinta elementos en total, y seis conexiones transversales entre elementos y dimensiones. Con esto trabajo contribuimos a la expansión de los regímenes alimentarios superando algunas de sus limitaciones más significativas: su escala global y su nivel de abstracción. Asimismo, también contribuimos al desarrollo de la economía política de los sistemas alimentarios, integrando nuevos enfoques y acercándola a la ecología política.
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