Economía circular transformadora y globalización neoliberal (y antropocénica)
tras las huellas de los flujos y el transporte internacional de la extracción a los residuos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/rec.10706Palabras clave:
Globalización productiva y comercial, Globalización antropocénica, transporte internacional, huella de materiales, emisiones, economía circular transformadoraResumen
Se analizan las relaciones complejas y contradictorias entre el proceso de globalización neoliberal -aceleradora del antropoceno- y las propuestas de una economía circular transformadora. El proceso de globalización neoliberal -guiado por las finanzas- de las últimas décadas expandió los flujos internacionales y, por lo tanto, el transporte en todas sus modalidades y escalas (internacional y local), con el consiguiente consumo de materiales y energía en su actividad, en la producción del stock de equipos, medios de transporte e infraestructuras, acelerando la huella de materiales y de emisiones. Esa expansión se debe no solo en un aumento del comercio internacional de materias primas o bienes finales, sino a la creciente fragmentación global de la producción, la globalización de los patrones de consumo, el consumo instantáneo (plataformas) y, finalmente, al posconsumo y los flujos de residuos. En este artículo se analizan las diferentes dimensiones de la articulación material de la globalización productiva y comercial desde la perspectiva de la EC transformadora, prestando especial atención al papel del transporte internacional (marítimo y aéreo) y las infraestructuras asociadas, tanto en términos de emisiones de CO2, como de huella de materiales, flujos de materiales secundarios y residuos, etc. El actual modelo económico lineal debe ser transformado en base estrategias de economía circular, que articulen sobre nuevas bases lo global y lo local, superando las estrategias de reverdecimiento -o simple "green washing"- formuladas por el crecimiento verde guiado por las finanzas.
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