Gentrificación plataformizada: una propuesta conceptual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/rec.12302Palabras clave:
gentrificación plataformizada, urbanismo de plataformas, capitalismo digital, desigualdades urbanas, desplazamientosResumen
Este artículo introduce y teoriza el concepto de gentrificación plataformizada como una mutación estructural en la producción de desigualdades urbanas bajo el capitalismo de plataforma. Partiendo de las cuatro características clásicas de la gentrificación -reinversión de capital, llegada de nuevos grupos de mayor estatus, transformación del paisaje y desplazamiento-, este artículo reinterpreta estas dimensiones a través del paradigma de la ciudad “a demanda”, donde las plataformas digitales de alquiler (p.ej.Airbnb®), las plataformas de redes sociales (Instagram®), los servicios de transporte (Uber®) o las empresas de coworking (WeWork®) median, valorizan y reestructuran la vida urbana. En lugar de añadir una nueva tipología al debate sobre la gentrificación, se propone el término gentrificación plataformizada como un marco crítico para entender cómo la mediación algorítmica, las economías digitales y las infraestructuras basadas en datos remodelan los mercados inmobiliarios, la estética urbana, las dinámicas residenciales y los modos de exclusión. El artículo sostiene que las infraestructuras de plataforma no sólo organizan la movilidad, el consumo y la visibilidad, sino que también anticipan y aceleran nuevas formas de desplazamiento, tanto físico como simbólico. Este concepto se desarrolla aquí como una herramienta interpretativa especialmente relevante para entornos urbanos altamente digitalizados, donde la mediación de la vida cotidiana a través de plataformas se ha convertido en una infraestructura invisible del cambio urbano.
Descargas
Citas
Barns, Sarah. 2019. "Negotiating the Platform Pivot: From Participatory Digital Ecosystems to Infrastructures of Everyday Life." Geography Compass 13(9): e12464. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12464
Barns, Sarah. 2020. Platform Urbanism: Negotiating Platform Ecosystems in Connected Cities. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9725-8
Brollo, Beatrice, and Celata, Filippo. 2023. "Temporary Populations and Sociospatial Polarisation in the Short-Term City." Urban Studies 60(10): 1815-1832. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221136957
Bronsvoort, Inge, and Uitermark, Justus. 2022. "Seeing the Street Through Instagram: Digital Platforms and the Amplification of Gentrification." Urban Studies 59(14): 2857-2874. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211046539
Casilli, Antonio A., and Posada, Julian. 2019. "The Platformization of Labor and Society." In Society and the Internet: How Networks of Information and Communication Are Changing Our Lives, edited by Mark Graham and William H. Dutton, 293-306. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843498.003.0018
Cocola-Gant, Agustín, and Gago, Ana. 2021. "Airbnb, Buy-to-Let Investment and Tourism-Driven Displacement: A Case Study in Lisbon." Environment and Planning A 53(7): 1671-1688. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19869012
Cocola-Gant, Agustín, and López-Gay, Albert. 2020. "Transnational Gentrification, Tourism and the Formation of 'Foreign Only' Enclaves in Barcelona." Urban Studies 57(15): 3025-3043. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020916111
Cocola-Gant, Agustín, and Malet Calvo, Daniel. 2023. "The Platformization of Student Housing and the Rise of Mid-Term Rentals: The Case of Uniplaces in Lisbon." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 114(5): 431-445. https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12560
Davidson, Mark, and Lees, Loretta. 2005. "New-Build 'Gentrification' and London's Riverside Renaissance." Environment and Planning A 37(7): 1165-1190. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3739
Digital Future Society. 2020. Digital Platform Work in Spain: what do we know? A literature review. Mobile World Capital Foundation.
Fast, Karin. 2024. "Who Has the Right to the Coworking Space? Reframing Platformed Workspaces as Elite Territory in the Geomedia City." Space and Culture 27(1): 48-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312221090429
Gil, Javier. 2024. "Not Gentrification, Not Touristification: Short-Term Rentals as a Housing Assetization Strategy." Journal of Urban Affairs 46(6): 1125-1145. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2242532
Gil, Javier, Martínez, Pablo, and Sequera, Jorge. 2023. "The Neoliberal Tenant Dystopia: Digital Polyplatform Rentierism, the Hybridization of Platform-Based Rental Markets and Financialization of Housing." Cities 137: 104245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104245
Glass, Ruth. 1964. "Introduction: Aspects of Change." In London: Aspects of Change, edited by Centre for Urban Studies, xiii-xlii. London: MacGibbon y Kee.
Hayes, Matthew, and Zaban, Helena. 2020. "Transnational Gentrification: The Crossroads of Transnational Mobility and Urban Research." Urban Studies 57(15): 3009-3024. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020945247
Jover, Jaime, and Barrero-Rescalvo, Marta. 2024. "When Tourism Disrupts It All: An Approach to the Landscapes of Touristification." Journal of Urban Affairs 46(6): 1161-1179.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2237144
Leszczynski, Agnieszka, and Kong, Victoria. 2023. "Walking (with) the Platform: Bikesharing and the Aesthetics of Gentrification in Vancouver." Urban Geography 44(4): 773-795. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2022.2036926
Maharawal, Manissa M. 2017. "San Francisco's Tech-Led Gentrification: Public Space, Protest, and the Urban Commons." In City Unsilenced: Urban Resistance and Public Space in the Age of Shrinking Democracy, edited by Jeffrey Hou and Sabine Knierbein, 30-43. New York/London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315647241-3
Marcuse, Peter. 1985. "Gentrification, Abandonment, and Displacement: Connections, Causes, and Policy Responses in New York City." Washington University Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law 28: 195-240.
Milano, Claudio, Novelli, Marina y Russo, Alessandro P. 2024. "Anti-Tourism Activism and the Inconvenient Truths about Mass Tourism, Touristification and Overtourism." Tourism Geographies 26(8): 1313-1337. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2024.2391388
Nieborg, David, and Poell, Thomas. 2018. "The Platformization of Cultural Production: Theorizing the Contingent Cultural Commodity." New Media y Society 20(11): 4275-4292.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818769694
Peck, Jamie, and Phillips, Richard. 2020. "The Platform Conjuncture." Sociologica 14(3): 73-99.
Pollio, Andrea. 2021. "Uber, Airports, and Labour at the Infrastructural Interfaces of Platform Urbanism." Geoforum 118: 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.11.010
Sadowski, Jathan. 2020. "The Internet of Landlords: Digital Platforms and New Mechanisms of Rentier Capitalism." Antipode 52(2): 562-580. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12595
Sequera, Jorge. 2024. La Ciudad de las Plataformas: Transformación Digital y Reorganización Social en el Capitalismo Urbano. España: Icaria.
Sequera, Jorge. 2025. "Struggling with the Digital Nomad: Transnational Teleworkers as the New 'Creative Class' in the Urban Marketplace?" International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 49(1): 204-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.13293
Sequera, Jorge, and Jordi Nofre. 2018. "Shaken, Not Stirred: New Debates on Touristification and the Limits of Gentrification." City 22(5-6): 843-855. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2018.1548819
Sequera, Jorge, and Nofre, Jordi. 2020. "Touristification, Transnational Gentrification and Urban Change in Lisbon: The Neighbourhood of Alfama." Urban Studies 57(15): 3169-3189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019883734
Sequera, Jorge, Nofre, Jordi, Iván Díaz-Parra, et al. 2022. "The Impact of COVID-19 on the Short-Term Rental Market in Spain: Towards Flexibilization?" Cities 130: 103912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103912
Sigler, Thomas, and Wachsmuth, David. 2015. "Transnational Gentrification: Globalisation and Neighbourhood Change in Panama's Casco Antiguo." Urban Studies 53(4): 705-722. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014568070
Slater, Tom. 2011. "Gentrification of the City." In The New Blackwell Companion to the City, edited by Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson, 571-585. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444395105.ch50
Smith, Neil. 2002. "New Globalism, New Urbanism: Gentrification as Global Urban Strategy." Antipode 34(3): 427-450. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00249
Törnberg, Petter. 2022. "Platform Placemaking and the Digital Urban Culture of Airbnbification." Urban Transformations 4: 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42854-022-00032-w
Törnberg, Petter, and Uitermark, Justus. 2022. "Urban Mediatization and Planetary Gentrification: The Rise and Fall of a Favela across Media Platforms." City y Community 21(4): 340-361. https://doi.org/10.1177/15356841211068521
Van Dijck, José, Poell, Thomas and de Waal, Martijn. 2018. The Platform Society: Public Values in a Connective World. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889760.001.0001
Vo, Andrew. 2023. Tech-Trification: Analyzing Secondary Demographic Effects of Tech Occupations on Urban Gentrification and Displacement. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
Zukin, Sharon. 2020. The Innovation Complex: Cities, Tech, and the New Economy. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190083830.001.0001
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Jorge Sequera
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Esta licencia permite a terceros compartir (copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato) y adaptar (remezclar, transformar y crear a partir del material para cualquier finalidad, incluso comercial), siempre que se reconozca la autoría y la primera publicación en esta revista (La Revista, DOI de la obra), se proporcione un enlace a la licencia y se indique si se han realizado cambios en la obra.
