Procesos y transformaciones en el contexto de la 4ª Revolución Industrial que impulsen entornos igualitarios y saludables.
Palabras clave:
Trabajo, género, entorno saludable, cuidadoResumen
La 4ª revolución industrial enfrenta diversos retos relacionados con la diversidad de la fuerza laboral y cambios sustanciales en sus estilos de vida, la necesidad de gestionar crisis sucesivas, y aumentar la digitalización como dinámica global competitiva. Todo ello sostenido sobre una ética del trabajo orientada al éxito profesional, y centrado en una visión androcéntrica del trabajo, resultado de una división del trabajo sexualizado. En este trabajo analizamos las tendencias identificadas en España y Europa respecto al mercado laboral, la salud y el bienestar, así como las relaciones laborales en las organizaciones. De este modo, tratamos de arrojar luz sobre las transformaciones necesarias para evitar desajustes de género, que caracterizan actualmente el mercado laboral y las sociedades española y europea. En este sentido, proponemos qué dirección deberían tomar las organizaciones y políticas públicas con el objetivo de promover entornos más saludables, considerando una perspectiva de género y de los cuidados.
Descargas
Citas
Acker, Joan (2009): "From glass ceiling to inequality regimes", Sociologie du Travail 51(2), pp. 199-217.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soctra.2009.03.004
Acker, Joan (2012): "Gendered organizations and intersectionality: problems and possibilities", Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 31(3), pp. 214-224.
https://doi.org/10.1108/02610151211209072
Berg, Janine, Furrer, Marianne, Harmon, Ellie, Rani, Uma y Silberman, M. Six (2018): Digital labour platforms and the future of work: Towards decent work in the online world. ILO.
Blau, Francine y Kahn, Lauren (2000): "Gender Differences in Pay", Journal of Economic Perspectives 14, pp. 75-99.
https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.4.75
Brussevich, Mariya; Dabla-Norris, Era; Kamunge, Christine; Karnane, Pooja; Khalid, Salma y Kochhar, Kalpana (2018): Gender, Technology, and the Future of Work, IMD Staff Discussion note. Disponible en: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2018/10/09/Gender-Technology-and-the-Future-of-Work-46236. Consultado el 21 de abril de 2021.
Chung, Heejung y Tijdens, Kea (2013): "Working time flexibility components and working time regimes in Europe: using company-level data across 21 countries" The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(7), pp. 1418-1434.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.712544
Comisión Europea (2020): Telework in the EU before and after the COVID-19: where we were, where we head to, Science For Policy Brief, Joint Research Center.
De la Rica, Sara; Dolado, Juan J. y Llorens, Vanesa (2008): "Ceilings or Floors? Gender Wage Gaps by Education in Spain", Journal of Population Economics 21, pp. 751-76.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-006-0128-1
Di Fabio, AnnaMaria (2017): "The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development for well-being in organizations" Frontiers in psychology, 8, nº1534.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01534
Delgado, Leticia M. (2014): "La promoción de la igualdad de género española", Investigaciones Feministas 5, pp. 232-258.
https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_INFE.2014.v5.47761
Eurofound (2020): Women and labour market equality: Has COVID-19 rolled back recent gains?, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. Disponible en: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef20068en.pdf. Consultado el 21 de abril de 2021.
Eurofound (2017): Working time patterns for sustainable work, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. Disponible en: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1720en.pdf. Consultado el 21 de abril de 2021.
Eurofound e ILO (2017): Working anytime, anywhere: The effects on the world of work, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, and the International Labour Office, Geneva.
Fana, M., Tolan, S., Torrejón, S., Urzi Brancati, C. y Fernández-Macías, E. (2020): The COVID confinement measures and EU labour markets, EUR 30190 EN. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, doi:10.2760/079230, JRC120578. Disponible en: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/covidconfinement-measures-and-eu-labour-markets. Consultado el 21 de abril de 2021.
Fernández Avilés, José Antonio (2017): "NTIC y riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo: estado de situación y propuestas de mejora", Diritto della Sicurezza sul Lavoro 2, pp. 69-101.
Fuchs, Christian y Sevignani, Sebastian (2013): "What is digital labour? What is digital work? What's their difference? and why do these questions matter for understanding social media?" tripleC: Communication, Capitalism and Critique 11(2), pp. 237-293.
https://doi.org/10.31269/vol11iss2pp237-293
Gálvez, Lina y Rodríguez-Modroño, Paula (2012): "La desigualdad de género en las crisis económicas", Investigaciones Feministas 2, pp. 113-132.
González Ramos, Ana M. (2020a): "Las empresas competitivas que cuentan con entornos inclusivos y respetuosos", Oikonomics 13, pp. 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.7238/o.n13.2005
González Ramos, Ana M. (2020b): "Digital Communication Tools for Fostering Career Advancement and Sustaining Interpersonal Relationships", Sociological Research Online 25 (2), pp. 184-200.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1360780419861649
Aquí están las citas bibliográficas sin asteriscos ni DOI:
González Ramos, Ana M. y Vergés Bosch, Núria (2013): "International mobility of women in science and technology careers: Shaping plans for personal and professional purposes", Gender, Place and Culture 20(5), pp. 613–629.
Grawitch, Matthew J., Gottschalk, Melanie y Munz, David C. (2006): "The path to a healthy workplace: A critical review linking healthy workplace practices, employee well-being, and organizational improvements", Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research 58, pp. 129–147.
Hakim, Catherine (2000): Work-lifestyle choices in the 21st century, Oxford University Press.
Huws, Ursula, Spencer, Neil H., Coates, Matthew y Holts, Kaire (2019): The Platformisation of Work in Europe. Highlights from Research in 13 European countries. Disponible en: https://www.feps-europe.eu/resources/publications/686-the-platformisation-of-work-in-europe.html. Consultado el 21 de abril de 2021.
INE
Jolanki, Outi (2015): "To work or to care? Working women's decision-making", Community, Work & Family 18(3), pp. 268–283.
Kossek, Ellen, Kalliath, Thomas y Kalliath, Parveen (2012): "Achieving employee wellbeing in a changing work environment: An expert commentary on current scholarship International", Journal of Manpower 33(7), pp. 738-753.
Lamolla, Laura y González Ramos, Ana M. (2019): "Mujeres en el sector de las tecnologías, ¿cuestión de competencias?", Revista Española de Sociología 28 (3, supl. 2), pp. 79-98.
Lamolla, Laura y González Ramos, Ana M. (2020): "Tick-tock sounds different for women working in IT areas", Community, Work & Family 23(2), pp. 125-140.
Lyon, Dawn y Woodward, Alison (2004): "Gender and time at the top: Cultural construction of time in high-level careers and homes", European Journal of Women's Studies 11(2), pp. 205–221.
Lombardo, Emanuela y León, Margarita (2015): "Políticas de igualdad de género y sociales en España: origen, desarrollo y desmantelamiento en un contexto de crisis económica", Investigaciones Feministas 5, pp. 13-35.
Lorey, Isabell (2014): State of Insecurity: Government of the Precarious, Verso Futures
Lowe, Graham S (2010): Healthy Organizations: How Vibrant Workplaces Inspire Employees to Achieve Sustainable Success. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
Manzano, Noemí (2018): "Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) (I): nuevas formas de organización del trabajo", Notas técnicas de prevención 1.122 Disponible en: https://www.insst.es/documents/94886/566858/ntp-1122w.pdf/baa93260-6840-4b9b-9abb-b6980b7f8f71. Consultado el 21 de abril de 2021.
Méda, Dominique (2019): "Three scenarios for the future of work", International Labour Review 158(4), pp. 627-652.
Moen, Phyllis, Pedtke, Joseph H y Flood, Sarah (2020): "Disparate Disruptions: Intersectional COVID-19 Employment Effects by Age, Gender, Education, and Race/Ethnicity", Work, Aging & Retirement 6 (4) pp. 207-228.
OIT (2016): Women at Work. Trends 2016 OIT: Geneva.
OIT (2018): Global Wage Report 2018 / 19. What lies behind gender pay gaps OIT: Geneve.
OMS (2010): Entornos Laborales Saludables: Fundamentos y Modelo de la OMS. OMS: Geneve. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/occupational_health/evelyn_hwp_spanish.pdf. Consultado el 21 de abril de 2021.
OMS (2020): Where do we stand on women's health in 2020? 06-03-2020. Disponible en: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/gender/news/news/2020/3/where-do-we-stand-onwomens-health-in-2020. Consultado el 23 de octubre de 2020.
Özkazanç-Pan, Banu y Pullen, Alison (2020): "Gendered labour and work, even in pandemic times" Gender, Work, and Organization 27 (5) pp. 675-676
https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12516
Reskin, Barbara y Roos, Patricia A. (1990): Job queues, gender queues. Women's into male occupations, Temple University.
Rubery, Jill (1988): Women and Recession, Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Rubery, Jill y Koukiadaki, Aristea (2016): Closing the gender pay gap: A review of the issues, policy mechanisms and international evidence, ILO. Disponible en: http://www.oit.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---gender/documents/publication/wcms_540889.pdf. Consultado el 21 de abril de 2021.
Servoz, Michel (2019): The future of work? Work of the Future! On how artificial intelligence, robotics and automation are transforming Jobs and the economy in Europe. AI Report, disponible en: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/096526d7-17d8-11ea-8c1f-01aa75ed71a1. Consultado el 21 de abril de 2021.
Signorelli, Marcello, Choudhry, Misbah y Marelli, Enrico (2012): "The Impact of Financial Crises on Female Labour", European Journal of Development Research 24(3), 413-433.
https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2012.3
Sweet, Stephen, Sarkisian, Natalia, Matz-Costa, Christine y Pitt-Catsouphes, Marcie (2016): "Are women less career centric than men? Structure, culture, and identity investments", Community, Work & Family 19(4), pp. 481-500.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2015.1078287
Tomlinson, Jennifer, Baird, Marian, Berg, Peter y Cooper, Rae (2018): "Flexible careers across the life course: Advancing theory, research and practice" Human Relations, 71(1), 4-22.
