La creciente huella de carbono de los turistas en España
un análisis sectorial y multirregional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/rec.12541Palabras clave:
Sostenibilidad, Análisis input-output, huella de carbono, consumo turísticoResumen
La demanda turística no ha parado de crecer en España, aumentando la presión sobre los recursos naturales e intensificando sus impactos ambientales. En este contexto, este estudio calcula la huella de carbono del consumo turístico en España mediante un modelo input-output extendido al medioambiente, diferenciando entre las emisiones producidas por los turistas residentes y no residentes. El objetivo principal es analizar la evolución reciente de la huella de carbono (periodo 2019-2023), con especial atención a los sectores clave como transporte, hostelería y actividades de ocio, entre otros, y a las regiones implicadas en la generación de emisiones a lo largo de las cadenas globales de producción. Los resultados indican que la huella de carbono generada por los turistas supone un 16% de la huella española, lo que supera con creces la contribución del turismo al PIB. De 62.340 KtCO2e generadas por el turismo en 2023, el 60% corresponde al turismo no residente, cuyo consumo es más intensivo en carbono. Esto se debe en gran parte al transporte aéreo, que aumentó sus emisiones en un 83% desde 2019 y generó 17.000 KtCO2e en 2023 debido a la demanda de los turistas no residentes. En el caso de los turistas residentes, destaca en mayor medida el sector hostelero, el cual emitió 7.836 ktCO2e en el último año y se situó por encima del transporte aéreo y por carretera. Estos resultados resaltan la necesidad urgente de adoptar medidas contundentes que modifiquen el nivel y perfil de consumo de los turistas, particularmente en lo que respecta a sus desplazamientos y gastos en servicios de hostelería. Respecto al origen de los impactos ambientales, se obtiene que más de la mitad de las emisiones (53%) se generan fuera de España, lo que limita las oportunidades de mitigación a nivel nacional.
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