Relevant sectors in greenhouse gas emissions in Spain
an input-output approach from the production perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/rec.10696Keywords:
climate policy, environmental impact, input-output analysis, key sectorsAbstract
Using an input–output method, we determine the relevant sectors in greenhouse gas emissions of the Spanish economy. Our approach is based on the responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions from the total production—whether oriented towards intermediate or final demand—of each sector. We classify the productive sectors according to the role they play in the production structure, providing a complementary perspective to the usual methods based on final demand impact. Using the input–output table for the year 2018, the analysis highlights the relevance of 14 sectors in greenhouse gas emissions. Three of these sectors are classified as key—basic metals, road transport, and the chemical sector—due to their significance in both the emissions that they pull in other sectors and the emissions they are pulled to emit. Five sectors are relevant because they are pulled to emit by the rest of the sectors, with electricity production and agriculture standing out. Nine sectors are relevant because of the emissions they pull in other sectors, with food production and construction being the most notable. Remarkably, up to five service sectors are included in this group, whose relevance would have been overlooked by solely examining their direct emissions. Finally, from the perspective of their own demand, all sectors that are also relevant due to being pulled to emit are relevant, including the key sectors, and two that are also relevant for pulling emissions in other sectors. The aviation transport sector is also relevant for its own demand. Based on the information obtained, a series of policy conclusions are derived to guide emission mitigation efforts.
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