El teletrabajo a domicilio: la implicación en el bienestar de los trabajadores y el impacto de género
Palabras clave:
work-related stress, home-based teleworking, gender inequalities, work-life balanceResumen
El teletrabajo a domicilio se está volviendo cada vez más común y con él la desmaterialización de la frontera entre la vida laboral y personal. Si, por un lado, esta forma de trabajo aumenta el poder de decisión del trabajador, por otro lado podría dañar gravemente su bienestar. Este documento explora la influencia de las condiciones organizativas en el estrés relacionado con el trabajo de una muestra de teletrabajadores a domicilio extraída de la Encuesta europea de condiciones laborales de 2015. También utiliza la Encuesta de Vida, Trabajo y COVID-19 2020 para analizar la evolución de las diferencias de género en el teletrabajo, de 2015 a 2020. Encontramos que el estrés percibido de los teletrabajadores a domicilio se debe principalmente a las formas de ordenación del tiempo de trabajo y la intensificación del trabajo, por ejemplo la falta de elección sobre el ritmo de trabajo, trabajar con plazos ajustados y a alta velocidad, trabajar en el tiempo libre para satisfacer las demandas laborales. Las teletrabajadoras también perciben que la falta de elección en la ordenación del tiempo de trabajo y la falta de tiempo de recuperación aumentan su estrés. El análisis también documenta un fuerte aumento en el nivel de estrés percibido de 2015 a 2020 y niveles más altos de estrés en las mujeres, principalmente debido a problemas de conciliación. Este diferencial de estrés por género es razonablemente constante en los dos períodos y, por tanto, tanto en la emergencia como en el teletrabajo normal. El acuerdo general en la literatura de que el teletrabajo es una forma de promover un mejor bienestar y equilibrio entre la vida laboral y personal de los trabajadores, especialmente para las mujeres, no está respaldado por nuestros hallazgos.
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