Prevenzione e reati nell'ambito dell'istruzione universitaria di fronte all'intelligenza artificiale
Quadro normativo, risposta istituzionale e sfide della legge europea sull'IA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/respublica.13580Parole chiave:
intelligenza artificiale, istruzione universitaria, legge sull'IA, responsabilità istituzionale, integrità accademica, conformitàAbstract
L'integrazione dell'intelligenza artificiale (IA) nell'istruzione universitaria ha profondamente trasformato i metodi di insegnamento e valutazione, aprendo al contempo nuove vie per la commissione di reati. Questo articolo analizza i tipi di reati facilitati dall'IA in ambito accademico —plagio automatizzato, furto d’identità, falsificazione di documenti, frodi nelle valutazioni automatizzate e produzione di contenuti illegali— ed esamina in profondità il quadro normativo applicabile, prestando particolare attenzione al Regolamento (UE) 2024/1689 sull’intelligenza artificiale (Legge sull’IA) e alle sue implicazioni dirette per gli istituti di istruzione superiore. Analizza inoltre le strategie di prevenzione e di risposta istituzionale più efficaci, identificando le lacune esistenti tra la realtà tecnologica e le attuali capacità normative e organizzative. La metodologia è qualitativa ed esplorativa, basata su una revisione sistematica della letteratura, sull’analisi documentale della Legge sull’IA e su interviste semi-strutturate a esperti. I risultati rivelano un progressivo aumento di questi reati, l'insufficienza del quadro giuridico preesistente e l'urgente necessità di solide politiche istituzionali che articolino la prevenzione, la formazione in materia di etica digitale e i meccanismi di conformità accademica. Il presente articolo si propone di fornire una panoramica sistematica dei reati facilitati dall'intelligenza artificiale nel contesto universitario spagnolo ed europeo, di analizzare in modo approfondito le implicazioni della Legge sull'Intelligenza Artificiale per gli istituti di istruzione e di proporre un modello di risposta istituzionale che integri prevenzione, individuazione, sanzione e una cultura dell'integrità. A tal fine, si adotta una prospettiva interdisciplinare che integra il diritto penale, la criminologia, l'etica applicata e gli studi sulla tecnologia educativa.
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Copyright (c) 2025 César Augusto Giner Alegría
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