Prevenção e infrações penais no ensino universitário face à inteligência artificial
Quadro regulamentar, resposta institucional e desafios da Lei Europeia sobre IA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/respublica.13580Palavras-chave:
inteligência artificial, ensino universitário, Lei da IA, responsabilidade institucional, integridade académica, conformidadeResumo
A integração da inteligência artificial (IA) no ensino superior transformou profundamente os métodos de ensino e avaliação, ao mesmo tempo que abriu novas vias para a prática de crimes. Este artigo analisa os tipos de crimes facilitados pela IA no âmbito académico —plágio automatizado, usurpação de identidade, falsificação de documentos, fraude em avaliações automatizadas e produção de conteúdos ilegais— e examina em profundidade o quadro normativo aplicável, prestando especial atenção ao Regulamento (UE) 2024/1689 sobre inteligência artificial (Lei da IA) e as suas implicações diretas para as instituições de ensino superior. Analisa também as estratégias de prevenção e resposta institucional mais eficazes, identificando as lacunas existentes entre a realidade tecnológica e as atuais capacidades normativas e organizacionais. A metodologia é qualitativa e exploratória, baseada numa revisão sistemática da literatura, na análise documental da Lei da IA e em entrevistas semiestruturadas a especialistas. Os resultados revelam um aumento progressivo destes crimes, a insuficiência do quadro jurídico pré-existente e a necessidade urgente de políticas institucionais sólidas que articulem a prevenção, a formação em ética digital e os mecanismos de cumprimento académico. O presente artigo tem como objetivo sistematizar o panorama dos crimes facilitados pela inteligência artificial no contexto universitário espanhol e europeu, analisar em profundidade as implicações da Lei da Inteligência Artificial para as instituições de ensino e propor um modelo de resposta institucional que integre a prevenção, a deteção, a sanção e uma cultura de integridade. Para tal, adota-se uma perspetiva interdisciplinar que integra o direito penal, a criminologia, a ética aplicada e os estudos sobre tecnologia educativa.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 César Augusto Giner Alegría
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0.
