La masculinidad en Gigante (George Stevens, 1956): el hombre a través de la música de Dimitri Tiomkin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/ambigua.6841Keywords:
Hombre, Masculinidad, Cine, Música de cine, Dimitri Tiomkin, GiganteAbstract
Despite its dramatic weight, Giant (George Stevens, 1956) has been included from the beginning in the western genre. Among the elements that characterize it as such is the figure of man in its multiple facets: cowboy, landowner, renegade, soldier, doctor. Each of them is defined narrative and visually through cinematographic resources, with more or less attachment to the conventions of the genre. But none of those descriptions is complete without the music, which ends up modeling every detail of the characters' personalities, showing the true reality of the different masculinities existing on screen and, somehow, beyond it. By using specific tools of analysis of film music, complemented with archival material, we describe and confront the different forms of masculinity typical of the western genre, demonstrating the ability of music and composer Dimitri Tiomkin to build stereotypes that, in many cases, surpass the myth.
Downloads
References
Referencias bibliográficas
ALTMAN, Rick. Film/Genre. London: The British Film Institute, 2018.
ÁLVAREZ DE BLANCO, Roberto. Brand Beauty unleashed: the value of aesthetics in marketing. London: Routledge, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429025495 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429025495
ARNOLD, David L. G. "My rifle, my poni and Feathers: music and the making of men in Howard Hawks' Rio Bravo". Quaterly Review of Film and Video, 23, No. 3 (2006): 267-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/105092090503367 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/105092090503367
BAKER, Brian. Masculinity in fiction and film: representing men in popular genres. 1945-2000. London: Continuum, 2006.
BLANCO, Lucio. "Música para el cine". Trama y Fondo. Revista de Cultura, 29 (2010): 45-59.
BLANCO HERRERO, David; Rodríguez Contreras, Laura y Gutiérrez San Miguel, Begoña. "New forms of masculinity in wéstern films: the end of the Malboro Man?". Communication & Society, 34, no. 2 (2021): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.34.2.1-14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15581/003.34.2.1-14
CLEMENS WARRIC, Kren. James Dean: dream as if you'll live forever. Berkeley: Enslow Publishers, 2006.
COHAN, Steven y HARK, Ina Rae (Ed.). Screening the male: exploring masculinities in Hollywood cinema. London: Routledge, 1996.
COHAN, Steven. Masked men: masculinity and the movies in the fifties. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.
ELKIN, Frederick. "The Psychological Appeal of the Hollywood Wéstern". The Journal of Educational Sociology, 24, no. 2 (October 1950): 72-86. https://doi.org/10.2307/2263795 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2263795
FERBER, Edna. Gigante. Madrid: Torres de papel, 2015.
FÜLÖP, Rebeca Naomi. Heroes, dames, and distress: constructing gender types in classical Hollywood film music. Dissertation. Michigan: University of Michigan, 2012.
GATES, Philippa. Detecting men: masculinity and the Hollywood detective film. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1353/book5095 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/book5095
GUIOL, Fred y MOFFAT, Ivan. Final screenplay of George Stevens' production of Edna Ferber 's novel Giant. Los Angeles, April 4, 1955.
HETTHERLY, Jonathan. Movies and masculinity: how films shape our understanding of gender norms. Florida: Mango Media, 2021.
HORAK, Jan Christopher. "Creating a minority cinema: Spanish-language film exhibition in Downtown Los Angeles before World War II", en: De las Carreras, María Elena y Horak, Jan Christopher (Ed.), Hollywood goes Latin: Spanish-language cinema in Los Angeles. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2019 https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh9w20g.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh9w20g.4
HORROCKS, Roger. Male myth and icons: Masculinity in popular culture. London: MacMillan, 1995.
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230389397 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230389397
HOWELL, Amanda. Popular film music and masculinity in action: a different tune. New York: Routledge, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203382509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203382509
JASKOLLA, Stephan. The construction of black masculinity in blaxploitation and hood movies. Berlin: Grin Verlag, 2014.
JUSTO ESTEBARANZ, Ángel y PÉREZ GARCÍA, Lucía. "Del Japón feudal al planeta Akir: Estudio comparativo de la música en "Los siete samuráis" y sus remakes americanos". En AA.VV: AVANÇA CINEMA 2015, 159-166. Avança, Portugal: Ediçoes Cine-Clube de Avança, 20151.
JUSTO ESTEBARANZ, Ángel y PÉREZ GARCÍA, Lucía. "Influencias de la música para western de Dimitri Tiomkin en el spaghetti western". Ucoarte. Revista de Teoría e Historia del Arte, 4 (20152): 93-112. https://doi.org/10.21071/ucoarte.v4i0.9481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21071/ucoarte.v4i0.9481
KESSLER, Kelly. Destabilizing the Hollywood musical: music, masculinity and mayhem. Hampshire: Palgrave. MacMilland, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230290556 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230290556
KRUTNIK, Frank. In a lonely street: film noir, genre and masculinity. London: Routledge, 2001.
MERCER, John y SHINGLER, Martin. Melodrama: genre, style and sensibility. New York: Wallflower, 2004.
MOSS, Marilyn Ann. Giant: George Stevens, a life on films. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2004.
PEBERDY, Donna. Masculinity and film performance: male angst in contemporary American cinema. Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230308701 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230308701
PÉREZ GARCÍA, Lucía y JUSATO ESTEBARANZ, Ángel (2016). "Harry Sukman y Sam Fuller. Música para un wéstern de culto: Cuarenta pistolas (1957)". Pasaje a la Ciencia, 18 (2016): 9-19.
PÉREZ GARCÍA, Lucía. "El paisaje y la música en los wésterns de Dimitri Tiomkin". Imafronte, 25 (2018): 9-32.
PÉREZ GARCÍA, Lucía: Música de cine en femenino: las mujeres en la filmografía de Dimitri Tiomkin. Sevilla: Editorial Universidad de Sevilla: 2022.
ROMÁN, Alejandro. El lenguaje musivisual: semiótica y estética de la música cinematográfica. Madrid: Visión Libros, 2008.
SIMMON, Scott. The invention of the Wéstern film: a cultural history of the Genre's first half-century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
SMYTH, J. E. "Jim Crow, Jett Rink, and James Dean: Reconstructing Ferber's Giant (1952-1956)". American Studies, 48, No. 3 (Fall 2007): 5-27. https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.0.0118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.0.0118
SMYTH, J. E. Edna Ferber's Hollywood: American fiction of gender, race and history. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.7560/719842 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7560/719842
SPRINGER, Claudia. James Dean transfigured: the many faces of rebel iconography. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2007. https://doi.org/10.7560/714434 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7560/714434
STAFFORD, Roy. Understanding Audiences and the Film Industry. London: British Film Institute, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781838711832 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781838711832
"The simple life of a busy bachelor. Rock Hudson gets rich alone". Life (October 3, 1955): 129-132.
TIOMKIN, Dimitri. "Composing for films". Films in Review, 2.9 (1951): 17-22.
WOOD, Robin. Rio Bravo. Vol. 72, Bfi Film Classics. London: British Film Institute, London, 2003.
WOODWORTH, Amy Jean. From buddy film to bromance: masculinity and male melodrama since 1969. Philadelphia: Temple University Libraries, 2014.
Fuentes documentales
AMPAS, Margaret Herrick Library. Department of Special Collections. George Stevens papers, GIANT - contracts, Box 49, f. 602. Dimitri Tiomkin’s contract for Giant. Jun 6, 1955.
AMPAS, Margaret Herrick Library, Department of Special Collections. George Steven papers, GIANT - music, Box 52, f. 651. Letter from Dimitri Tiomkin to George Stevens (s.f.).
AMPAS, Margaret Herrick Library, Department of Special Collections. George Steven papers, GIANT – contracts, Box 49, f. 602. Telegram from Ray Heindorf to J. L. Warner. Jan 4, 1956.
AMPAS. George Steven papers, GIANT - music, Box 52, f. 651. Music plot (From estimating script dated 10/22/54). Feb 8, 1955.
Páginas web y audovisuales
CROWTHER, Bosley, “Screen: Large Subject; The Cast”, The New York Times, October 10, 1956, https://www.nytimes.com/1956/10/11/archives/screen-large-subject-the-cast.html
George Stevens, dir. Gigante. Madrid: Warner Bros. Entertainment. 1999. DVD.
Variety Staff. “Giant”, Variety, October 10, 1956. https://variety.com/1956/film/reviews/giant-2-1200418151/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Lucía Pérez García
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors agree with the following:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a license Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
