Masculinidad hegemónica. Repensando el concepto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/relies.6364Palavras-chave:
masculinidad, hegemonía, género, poder, agencia, encarnación, globalizaciónResumo
El concepto de masculinidad hegemónica ha influenciado los estudios de género en varios campos académicos, pero también ha generado serias críticas. Les autores rastrean el origen del concepto en una convergencia de ideas de principios de la década de 1980, y mapean su aplicación cuando se expandió la investigación sobre hombres y masculinidades. Al evaluar las principales críticas, les autores defienden el concepto subyacente de masculinidad, que en la mayoría de las investigaciones no se utiliza de forma reificante ni esencialista. Sin embargo, las críticas sobre los modelos de rasgos de género y las tipologías rígidas han tenido mucho eco. El abordaje del tema en la investigación sobre masculinidad hegemónica puede ser mejorado con la ayuda de recientes modelos psicológicos, aunque deben reconocerse límites a la flexibilidad discursiva. El concepto de masculinidad hegemónica no equivale a un modelo de reproducción social; se debe reconocer los conflictos sociales en los que las masculinidades subordinadas influencian a las formas dominantes. Finalmente, les autores revisan lo que ha sido confirmado desde las primeras formulaciones (la idea de múltiples masculinidades, el concepto de hegemonía, y el énfasis en el cambio) y lo que debe ser descartado (el tratamiento unidimensional de la jerarquía y el modelo de rasgos de género). Les autores sugieren reformular el concepto en cuatro dimensiones: complejizar el modelo de jerarquía de género, enfatizando la agencia de las mujeres; reconocer explícitamente la geografía de las masculinidades, enfatizando la interrelación entre los niveles locales, regionales y globales; un tratamiento más específico de la encarnación en contextos de privilegio y poder; y un mayor énfasis en las dinámicas de la masculinidad hegemónica, reconociendo las contradicciones internas y los posibles avances hacia la democracia de género.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2021 R.W, Connell, James W. Messerschmidt; Matías de Stéfano Barbero, Santiago Morcillo
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