La barrera de la testosterona en el deporte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46661/socioldeporte.6267Palabras clave:
Hiperandrogenismo, Semenya, Categorías deportivas, DSD, Proceso SociológicoResumen
World Athletics (anteriormente conocido como IAAF) ha publicado recientemente las normas de elegibilidad para la clasificación femenina que se aplican a las pruebas de carrera desde 400 metros hasta la milla. Esta normativa ha impedido que algunas atletas de élite con DSD (Diferencia de Desarrollo Sexual) compitan o que hayan tenido que variar su prueba preferida en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020. Según World Athletics, el hiperandrogenismo femenino (una anomalía biológica que naturalmente produce un alto nivel de testosterona) debe ser "compensado" de alguna manera para respetar el juego limpio de la competencia. Sin embargo, tal argumento se basa en una suposición problemática: las mujeres hiperandrogénicas no son mujeres “naturales”, al menos cuando se trata de competir en deportes, por lo que su condición “anormal” debe arreglarse para cumplir con los estándares. La sociología procesual de Norbert Elias ayuda a situar el caso de las deportistas hiperandrogénicas dentro de un contexto más amplio de relaciones de poder. De esta manera, vemos que el caso se vuelve problemático porque estas mujeres deportistas son percibidas como una amenaza/disrupción de una de las categorías vertebrales del deporte: sexo/género. La barrera de la testosterona es para el sexo/género lo que la barrera del color fue para la raza en lo deportivo: una estrategia disciplinaria para mantener las que se consideran como categorías deportivas "naturales" en una época determinada.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Raúl Sánchez García
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
